Ubuntu 22.04 离线安装软件包

🕗 发布于 2024-12-02 11:52 ubuntu excel linux

在使用最小化安装时，默认是不带有vim 或者nano编辑器的，如果你的环境不能上外网就需要离线安装。

首先你需要先找一台可以上网的ubuntu系统（虚拟机搭建也行），下载所有的依赖包，然后上传到需要安装的服务器上手动安装。
我已经使用sudo -i 切换到了root用户
如下示例：

root@localhost:/opt# mkdir Package
root@localhost:/opt# cd Package/

下载软件包

root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-get download vim
Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.20 [1729 kB]
Fetched 1729 kB in 1s (1555 kB/s)

查看vim所有依赖包

如果在下载软件包过程中报错：couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied) 时，这是因为在下载软件包的时候使用_apt 权限不足所以切换到root用户下载了。saz

root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-cache  depends vim
vim
  Depends: vim-common
  Depends: vim-runtime
  Depends: libacl1
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libgpm2
  Depends: libpython3.10
  Depends: libselinux1
  Depends: libsodium23
  Depends: libtinfo6
  Suggests: <ctags>
    exuberant-ctags
    universal-ctags
  Suggests: vim-doc
  Suggests: vim-scripts

Depends 的必要下
Suggests 建议下载

到这里只需要把所有依赖的包都下载到本地，然后打包到需要安装的服务器上，dpkg -i *.deb 即可安装

这种适合安装一个或者少个软件，如果要一次性安装多个软件就会有点不方便，下面介绍一次性安装多个软件以及依赖。

root@localhost:~# mkdir Package
root@localhost:~#  cd Package

sudo apt-get download $(apt-cache depends --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances <packagename> | grep "^\w" | sort -u)

apt-get download 仅仅下载软件包

apt-cache depends --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances <packagename> | grep "^\w" | sort -u

<packagename> 指明你要下载的软件包，可以有多个

apt-cache depends 列出软件包的依赖关系
例如：

root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends net-tools
net-tools
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libselinux1

--recurse 递归显示所有依赖项，把依赖的依赖也显示出来
例如：

消息过多这里只展示一部分

root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends net-tools --recurse | head
net-tools
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libselinux1
libc6
  Depends: libgcc-s1
  Depends: libcrypt1
  Breaks: busybox
  Breaks: fakeroot
  Breaks: <hurd>
  Breaks: ioquake3

--no-recommends：排除推荐依赖；推荐依赖不是软件包运行所必需的，但通常建议安装以获得更好的用户体验。
--no-suggests：排除建议依赖；建议依赖是那些APT认为可能对用户有用的软件包，但不是必需的。

内容过多不展示
--no-conflicts：不显示与给定软件包冲突的软件包信息。
--no-breaks：不显示会与给定软件包产生破坏性更新的软件包信息。
--no-replaces：不显示被给定软件包替换的软件包信息。

--no-enhances：不显示增强依赖。增强依赖是指那些可以提升软件包功能，但不是必需的软件包

root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends net-tools --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances
net-tools
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libselinux1
libc6
  Depends: libgcc-s1
  Depends: libcrypt1
libselinux1
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libpcre2-8-0
libgcc-s1
  Depends: gcc-12-base
  Depends: libc6
libcrypt1
  Depends: libc6
libpcre2-8-0
  Depends: libc6
gcc-12-base

grep “^\w”：这个管道命令将过滤输出，只保留以单词字符（字母、数字、下划线）开头的行，即忽略空行或以非单词字符开头的行
获得的内容如下：

root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends net-tools --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances | grep "^\w"
net-tools
libc6
libselinux1
libgcc-s1
libcrypt1
libpcre2-8-0
gcc-12-base

sort -u：排序后并去重
最后得到所有的依赖包：

root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends net-tools --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances | grep "^\w" | sort -u
gcc-12-base
libc6
libcrypt1
libgcc-s1
libpcre2-8-0
libselinux1
net-tools

将所有的依赖包作为参数给到 apt-get download 去下载

root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-get download $(apt-cache depends net-tools --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances | grep "^\w" | sort -u)
Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libcrypt1 amd64 1:4.4.27-1 [82.0 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libselinux1 amd64 3.3-1build2 [74.6 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 net-tools amd64 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5 [204 kB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gcc-12-base amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [20.1 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.8 [3235 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [53.9 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpcre2-8-0 amd64 10.39-3ubuntu0.1 [221 kB]
Fetched 3891 kB in 2s (1986 kB/s)
W: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/opt/Package/libcrypt1_1%3a4.4.27-1_amd64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)

使用dpkg-scanpackages给当前的所有软件包建立依赖关系，生成本地软件包目录，以便在本地使用apt-get 安装

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev   # 提前安装dpkg-dev

创建archives目录将生成的依赖关系打包到archives目录下

一定要写成Packages.gz，不然不识别会报错
如果dpkg-scanpackages命令只是输出waring和info信息不用管，只要不报错就行

root@localhost:/opt/Package# mkdir archives
root@localhost:/opt/Package# dpkg-scanpackages ./  | gzip > ./archives/Packages.gz
dpkg-scanpackages: info: Wrote 7 entries to output Packages file.
root@localhost:/opt/Package# ls archives/
Packages.gz

打包Package整个目录

root@localhost:/opt/Package# tar -zcvf ../Package.tar.gz ../Package
root@localhost:/opt/Package# ls ../
Package  Package.tar.gz

将打包好的文件放到需要安装的服务器上解压，这里到放到 /tmp 目录下

root@localhost:/tmp# ls -1
Package.tar.gz
Package/

备份/etc/apt/sources.list文件，并重启编辑它。

root@localhost:/tmp# mv  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
root@localhost:/tmp# echo "deb [trusted=yes] file:///tmp/Package/ archives/" > /etc/apt/sources.list

archives 软件源名称
/tmp/Package/ 软件包路径

更新软件源

root@localhost:/tmp# apt-get update
Get:1 file:/tmp/Package archives/ InRelease
Ign:1 file:/tmp/Package archives/ InRelease
Get:2 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Release
Ign:2 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Release
Get:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Ign:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Get:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Ign:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Get:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Ign:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Get:3 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Packages [3358 B]
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Err:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
  File not found - /tmp/Package/archives/en.gz (2: No such file or directory)
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Err:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
  File not found - /tmp/Package/archives/en.lz4 (2: No such file or directory)
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Err:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
  File not found - /tmp/Package/archives/en.zst (2: No such file or directory)
Get:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/tmp/Package archives/ Translation-en
Reading package lists... Done

安装net-tools

root@localhost:/tmp#  apt-get install net-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  net-tools
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/204 kB of archives.
After this operation, 819 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 file:/tmp/Package archives/ net-tools 1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5 [204 kB]
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package net-tools.
(Reading database ... 64334 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../net-tools_1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking net-tools (1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5) ...
Setting up net-tools (1.60+git20181103.0eebece-1ubuntu5) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 78.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
Scanning processes...
Scanning linux images...

Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.

No services need to be restarted.

No containers need to be restarted.

No user sessions are running outdated binaries.

No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.

root@localhost:/tmp# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      929/sshd: zjh@pts/0
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      682/systemd-resolve
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      765/sshd: /usr/sbin
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      929/sshd: zjh@pts/0
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      765/sshd: /usr/sbin

到这里就安装成功了

同时安装多个软件包测试
还是一样的步骤

root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-get download $(apt-cache depends vim nginx haproxy --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances | grep "^\w" | sort -u)

同时下载 vim nginx haproxy 的软件包以及依赖

生成依赖关系：

root@localhost:/opt/Package# dpkg-scanpackages ./  | gzip > ./archives/Packages.gz

打包整个目录：

root@localhost:/opt/Package#  tar -zcvf ../Package.tar.gz ../Package

将压缩包上传到需要下载的服务器上解压

我的路径在/opt/Package

root@localhost:/opt/Package# pwd
/opt/Package
root@localhost:/opt/Package# ls
adduser_3.118ubuntu5_all.deb                     libgssapi-krb5-2_1.19.2-2ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb                        libsemanage2_3.3-1build2_amd64.deb
archives                                         libicu70_70.1-2_amd64.deb                                           libsepol2_3.3-1build1_amd64.deb
cdebconf_0.261ubuntu1_amd64.deb                  libjbig0_2.1-3.1ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb                           libslang2_2.3.2-5build4_amd64.deb
coreutils_8.32-4.1ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb            libjpeg-turbo8_2.1.2-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb                             libsodium23_1.0.18-1build2_amd64.deb
debconf_1.5.79ubuntu1_all.deb                    libjpeg8_8c-2ubuntu10_amd64.deb                                     libsqlite3-0_3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb
dpkg_1.21.1ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb                   libk5crypto3_1.19.2-2ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb                            libssl3_3.0.2-0ubuntu1.18_amd64.deb
fontconfig-config_2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5_all.deb      libkeyutils1_1.6.1-2ubuntu3_amd64.deb                               libstdc++6_12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb
fonts-croscore_20201225-1build1_all.deb          libkrb5-3_1.19.2-2ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb                               libsystemd0_249.11-0ubuntu3.12_amd64.deb
fonts-dejavu-core_2.37-2build1_all.deb           libkrb5support0_1.19.2-2ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb                         libtextwrap1_0.1-15build1_amd64.deb
fonts-freefont-otf_20120503-10build1_all.deb     liblua5.3-0_5.3.6-1build1_amd64.deb                                 libtiff5_4.3.0-6ubuntu0.10_amd64.deb
fonts-freefont-ttf_20120503-10build1_all.deb     liblz4-1_1.9.3-2build2_amd64.deb                                    libtinfo6_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
fonts-liberation2_2.1.5-1_all.deb                liblzma5_5.2.5-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb                                   libtirpc-common_1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1_all.deb
fonts-liberation_1%3a1.07.4-11_all.deb           libmaxminddb0_1.5.2-1build2_amd64.deb                               libtirpc3_1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
fonts-texgyre_20180621-3.1_all.deb               libmd0_1.0.4-1build1_amd64.deb                                      libuuid1_2.37.2-4ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb
fonts-urw-base35_20200910-1_all.deb              libmnl0_1.0.4-3build2_amd64.deb                                     libwebp7_1.2.2-2ubuntu0.22.04.2_amd64.deb
gcc-12-base_12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb      libmpdec3_2.5.1-2build2_amd64.deb                                   libx11-6_2%3a1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb
haproxy_2.4.24-0ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb        libncursesw6_6.3-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb                               libx11-data_2%3a1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3_all.deb
init-system-helpers_1.62_all.deb                 libnewt0.52_0.52.21-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb                              libxau6_1%3a1.0.9-1build5_amd64.deb
install-info_6.8-4build1_amd64.deb               libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb             libxcb1_1.14-3ubuntu3_amd64.deb
iproute2_5.15.0-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb               libnginx-mod-http-cache-purge_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb          libxdmcp6_1%3a1.1.3-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb
libacl1_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb                        libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb              libxml2_2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb
libattr1_1%3a2.5.1-1build1_amd64.deb             libnginx-mod-http-echo_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                 libxpm4_1%3a3.5.12-1ubuntu0.22.04.2_amd64.deb
libaudit-common_1%3a3.0.7-1build1_all.deb        libnginx-mod-http-fancyindex_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb           libxslt1.1_1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb
libaudit1_1%3a3.0.7-1build1_amd64.deb            libnginx-mod-http-geoip2_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb               libxtables12_1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2_amd64.deb
libbpf0_1%3a0.5.0-1ubuntu22.04.1_amd64.deb       libnginx-mod-http-geoip_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-3build1_amd64.deb
libbrotli1_1.0.9-2build6_amd64.deb               libnginx-mod-http-headers-more-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb  lsb-base_11.1.0ubuntu4_all.deb
libbsd0_0.11.5-1_amd64.deb                       libnginx-mod-http-image-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb         mailcap_3.70+nmu1ubuntu1_all.deb
libbz2-1.0_1.0.8-5build1_amd64.deb               libnginx-mod-http-perl_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                 media-types_7.0.0_all.deb
libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.8_amd64.deb                  libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb          mime-support_3.66_all.deb
libcap-ng0_0.7.9-2.2build3_amd64.deb             libnginx-mod-http-uploadprogress_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb       nginx-common_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_all.deb
libcap2-bin_1%3a2.44-1ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb  libnginx-mod-http-upstream-fair_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb        nginx-core_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb
libcap2_1%3a2.44-1ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb      libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb          nginx-extras_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb
libcom-err2_1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb          libnginx-mod-mail_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                      nginx-full_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb
libcrypt1_1%3a4.4.27-1_amd64.deb                 libnginx-mod-nchan_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                     nginx-light_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb
libdb5.3_5.3.28+dfsg1-0.8ubuntu3_amd64.deb       libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb             nginx_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb
libdebian-installer4_0.122ubuntu3_amd64.deb      libnginx-mod-stream-geoip_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb              passwd_1%3a4.8.1-2ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb
libdeflate0_1.10-2_amd64.deb                     libnginx-mod-stream_1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5_amd64.deb                    perl-base_5.34.0-3ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb
libelf1_0.186-1build1_amd64.deb                  libnsl2_1.3.0-2build2_amd64.deb                                     perl-modules-5.34_5.34.0-3ubuntu1.3_all.deb
libexpat1_2.4.7-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb             libpam-modules-bin_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb                      perl_5.34.0-3ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb
libffi8_3.4.2-4_amd64.deb                        libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb                          readline-common_8.1.2-1_all.deb
libfontconfig1_2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5_amd64.deb       libpam0g_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb                                sensible-utils_0.0.17_all.deb
libfreetype6_2.11.1+dfsg-1ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb    libpcre2-8-0_10.39-3ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb                             tar_1.34+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1.22.04.2_amd64.deb
libgcc-s1_12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb        libpcre3_2%3a8.39-13ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb                       ttf-bitstream-vera_1.10-8.2_all.deb
libgcrypt20_1.9.4-3ubuntu3_amd64.deb             libperl5.34_5.34.0-3ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb                             ucf_3.0043_all.deb
libgd3_2.3.0-2ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb                libpng16-16_1.6.37-3build5_amd64.deb                                vim-common_2%3a8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21_all.deb
libgdbm-compat4_1.23-1_amd64.deb                 libpython3.10-minimal_3.10.12-1~22.04.7_amd64.deb                   vim-runtime_2%3a8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21_all.deb
libgdbm6_1.23-1_amd64.deb                        libpython3.10-stdlib_3.10.12-1~22.04.7_amd64.deb                    vim_2%3a8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21_amd64.deb
libgeoip1_1.6.12-8_amd64.deb                     libpython3.10_3.10.12-1~22.04.7_amd64.deb                           xxd_2%3a8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21_amd64.deb
libgmp10_2%3a6.2.1+dfsg-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb       libreadline8_8.1.2-1_amd64.deb                                      zlib1g_1%3a1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2_amd64.deb
libgpg-error0_1.43-3_amd64.deb                   libselinux1_3.3-1build2_amd64.deb
libgpm2_1.20.7-10build1_amd64.deb                libsemanage-common_3.3-1build2_all.deb

配置本地源：

root@localhost:/opt/Package# echo "deb [trusted=yes] file:///opt/Package archives/" > /etc/apt/sources.list

更新本地源，并安装 vim nginx haproxy软件

root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-get update
root@localhost:/opt/Package# echo "deb [trusted=yes] file:///opt/Package archives/" > /etc/apt/sources.list
root@localhost:/opt/Package# apt-get install vim nginx haproxy -y

查看已安装的软件

root@localhost:/opt/Package# dpkg -l | grep -E 'nginx|vim|haproxy'
ii  haproxy                                2.4.24-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                 amd64        fast and reliable load balancing reverse proxy
ii  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2               1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        GeoIP2 HTTP module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-http-image-filter         1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        HTTP image filter module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter          1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        XSLT Transformation module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-mail                      1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        Mail module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-stream                    1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        Stream module for Nginx
ii  libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2             1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        GeoIP2 Stream module for Nginx
ii  nginx                                  1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        small, powerful, scalable web/proxy server
ii  nginx-common                           1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      all          small, powerful, scalable web/proxy server - common files
ii  nginx-core                             1.18.0-6ubuntu14.5                      amd64        nginx web/proxy server (standard version)
ii  vim                                    2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21                  amd64        Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii  vim-common                             2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21                  all          Vi IMproved - Common files
ii  vim-runtime                            2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.21                  all          Vi IMproved - Runtime files

原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_50247813/article/details/144095547

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