Windows图形界面(GUI)-QT-C/C++ - Qt控件与布局系统详解
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目录
Qt布局系统(Layouts)
布局管理器基础
Qt提供了强大的布局管理系统，用于自动管理控件的大小和位置。主要布局管理器包括：
- QHBoxLayout (水平布局)
QHBoxLayout* hLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
hLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("按钮1"));
hLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("按钮2"));
hLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("按钮3"));
this->setLayout(hLayout);
- QVBoxLayout (垂直布局)
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout;
vLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("标签1"));
vLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("标签2"));
vLayout->addWidget(new QLabel("标签3"));
this->setLayout(vLayout);
- QGridLayout (网格布局)
QGridLayout* gridLayout = new QGridLayout;
gridLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("1"), 0, 0);
gridLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("2"), 0, 1);
gridLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("3"), 1, 0, 1, 2); // 跨列
this->setLayout(gridLayout);
- QFormLayout (表单布局)
QFormLayout* formLayout = new QFormLayout;
formLayout->addRow("姓名:", new QLineEdit);
formLayout->addRow("年龄:", new QSpinBox);
formLayout->addRow("简介:", new QTextEdit);
this->setLayout(formLayout);
高级布局技巧
嵌套布局
QVBoxLayout* mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout;
QHBoxLayout* topLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
topLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("左"));
topLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("中"));
topLayout->addWidget(new QPushButton("右"));
mainLayout->addLayout(topLayout);
mainLayout->addWidget(new QTextEdit);
this->setLayout(mainLayout);
设置间距和边距
layout->setSpacing(10); // 控件间距
layout->setContentsMargins(10,10,10,10); // 边距常用控件详解
按钮类控件
QPushButton (标准按钮)
QPushButton* btn = new QPushButton("点击我");
btn->setIcon(QIcon(":/icons/click.png")); QRadioButton (单选按钮)
// 创建按钮组
QButtonGroup* group = new QButtonGroup(this);
// 创建单选按钮
QRadioButton* radio1 = new QRadioButton("选项1", this);
QRadioButton* radio2 = new QRadioButton("选项2", this);
// 将按钮添加到按钮组
group->addButton(radio1);
group->addButton(radio2);
// 创建垂直布局
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
// 将单选按钮添加到布局中
layout->addWidget(radio1);
layout->addWidget(radio2);
// 设置布局
setLayout(layout);QCheckBox (复选框)
QCheckBox* check = new QCheckBox("同意条款", this);
connect(check, &QCheckBox::stateChanged, this, [](int state){
qDebug() << "状态变更:" << state;
});
输入类控件
QLineEdit (单行输入)
QLineEdit* lineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
lineEdit->setPlaceholderText("请输入用户名");
lineEdit->setMaxLength(20);
QTextEdit (多行输入)
QTextEdit* textEdit = new QTextEdit(this);
textEdit->setPlaceholderText("请输入描述");
textEdit->setAcceptRichText(true);
QSpinBox (数值输入)
QSpinBox* spinBox = new QSpinBox(this);
spinBox->setRange(0, 100);
spinBox->setSingleStep(5);
spinBox->setValue(50);
显示类控件
QLabel (标签)
QLabel* label = new QLabel(this);
label->setText("Hello <b>Qt</b>");
label->setTextFormat(Qt::RichText);
QProgressBar (进度条)
QProgressBar* progressBar = new QProgressBar(this);
progressBar->setRange(0, 100);
progressBar->setValue(75);
progressBar->setTextVisible(true);
高级视图控件
Model-Based Views
QListView
QStringListModel* model = new QStringListModel;
model->setStringList(QStringList() << "项目1" << "项目2" << "项目3");
QListView* listView = new QListView(this);
listView->setModel(model);
listView->setEditTriggers(QAbstractItemView::NoEditTriggers);
QTreeView
QStandardItemModel* model = new QStandardItemModel;
QStandardItem* parentItem = model->invisibleRootItem();
parentItem->appendRow(new QStandardItem("父节点1"));
parentItem->child(0)->appendRow(new QStandardItem("子节点1"));
QTreeView* treeView = new QTreeView(this);
treeView->setModel(model);
Item-Based Widgets
QListWidget
QListWidget* listWidget = new QListWidget(this);
listWidget->addItem("项目1");
listWidget->addItem("项目2");
listWidget->addItem("项目3");
connect(listWidget, &QListWidget::itemClicked, this, [](QListWidgetItem* item){
qDebug() << "选中:" << item->text();
});
QTableWidget
QTableWidget* tableWidget = new QTableWidget(3, 3, this);
tableWidget->setHorizontalHeaderLabels({"列1", "列2", "列3"});
tableWidget->setItem(0, 0, new QTableWidgetItem("单元格(0,0)"));
容器控件
QGroupBox
QGroupBox* groupBox = new QGroupBox("选项组",this);
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
layout->addWidget(new QRadioButton("选项1"));
layout->addWidget(new QRadioButton("选项2"));
groupBox->setLayout(layout);
QTabWidget
QTabWidget* tabWidget = new QTabWidget(this);
tabWidget->addTab(new QWidget, "标签1");
tabWidget->addTab(new QWidget, "标签2");
tabWidget->setTabPosition(QTabWidget::North);
样式和外观
样式表
// 按钮样式
QString buttonStyle = R"(
QPushButton {
background-color: #4CAF50;
border: none;
color: white;
padding: 8px 16px;
border-radius: 4px;
}
QPushButton:hover {
background-color: #45a049;
}
QPushButton:pressed {
background-color: #3d8b40;
}
)";
button->setStyleSheet(buttonStyle);属性设置
widget->setProperty("class", "primary");
widget->setMinimumSize(100, 30);
widget->setFont(QFont("Arial", 12));原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_80612536/article/details/145168345
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