麒麟（Kylin）系统下安装MySQL 5.7.44（离线版）
目录
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系统环境：
[dalaochao@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Kylin Linux Advanced Server"
VERSION="V10 (Tercel)"
ID="kylin"
VERSION_ID="V10"
PRETTY_NAME="Kylin Linux Advanced Server V10 (Tercel)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
1、下载MySQL安装包
访问MySQL官方网站下载适用于Kylin的MySQL通用版本，选择自己需要的版本，我这里分别是5.7.44和Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux版本（离线版最好选择(x86, 64-bit), RPM Bundle）。
RPM Bundle是一个包含多个RPM软件包的打包文件，这些软件包通常是相互依赖的组件，将它们打包成一个Bundle可以确保它们的版本兼容性。
2、卸载系统自带的mariadb和已安装过的MySQL包
为什么要卸载？因为mariadb会跟MySQL包安装产生冲突。
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-connector-c-3.0.6-6.ky10.x86_64
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
qt5-qtbase-mysql-5.11.1-9.ky10.x86_64
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-connector-c-3.0.6-6.ky10.x86_64
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps qt5-qtbase-mysql-5.11.1-9.ky10.x86_64
rpm -qa 是一个用于查询在Linux系统上安装的所有RPM包的命令。
rpm -e 是在Linux系统上用于卸载（或删除）已安装的RPM软件包的命令。使用--nodeps选项会绕过依赖性检查，强制安装或卸载RPM软件包。
3、解压bundle.tar
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/bin/MYSQL
详情如下：
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/bin/MYSQL
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 dalaochao]# sudo tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/bin/MYSQL
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-embedded-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/mysql-community-test-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
4、安装MySQL
安装如下rpm包
cd /usr/local/bin/MYSQL/mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle/
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh 用于安装RPM（Red Hat Package Manager）软件包的命令，该命令的基本语法：
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm
-i：表示安装（install）软件包。
-v：表示在安装过程中显示详细信息（verbose）。
-h：在显示安装进度时，显示哈希标记（hash marks），用于表示安装的进度。
安装时如果遇到了如下错误
error: Failed dependencies:
libcrypto.so.10()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
libcrypto.so.10(libcrypto.so.10)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
libssl.so.10()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
libssl.so.10(libssl.so.10)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
解决方法：
方法一：安装命令后加参数： --nodeps --force，不推荐此方法，强制绕过依赖性检查后期可能会出错。
方法二：安装缺少的依赖包
如果可以访问外网，直接yum安装
yum install compat-openssl10
如果要离线安装，则下载安装包，下载地址：https://download.csdn.net/download/xch_yang/89889402，然后安装即可
rpm -ivh compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
5、修改配置文件：vi /etc/my.cnf
根据自己的需要修改配置文件，如下我指定了端口为8888
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
port=8888
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
6、启动MySQL
# 启动MySQL
systemctl start mysqld
# 开机自启动
systemctl enable mysqld
7、查看临时密码，并修改密码，授权远程访问。
# 查看临时密码（os层面执行）
grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
# 登录
mysql -uroot -p
# 设置新密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'DaLao@666';
# 授权远程访问
update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
详情如下：
# 查看临时密码:
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 /]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-10-14T08:16:17.420893Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *NuwuiVdG0?Y
# 登录:
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 /]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.44
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
# 当前任何操作都会先让你修改临时密码
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
# 设置新密码:
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'DaLao@666';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select Host,User,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | authentication_string |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *939FB4F18BE86A50566B02C449FCD82FFA6AFB4D |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 授权远程访问：
mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select Host,User,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | authentication_string |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root | *939FB4F18BE86A50566B02C449FCD82FFA6AFB4D |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
8、常见问题
8.1 启动mysql内存溢出
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 /]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 /]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-10-14 16:16:23 CST; 11s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3948311 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3948553 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3948555 (mysqld)
Tasks: 27
Memory: 312.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3948555 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Oct 14 16:15:59 xxzx-dalaochao-19.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 14 16:16:14 xxzx-dalaochao-19.novalocal mysqld_pre_systemd[3948311]: mysqld: Out of memory (Needed 4294967200 bytes)
Oct 14 16:16:23 xxzx-dalaochao-19.novalocal systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
查看内存，Swap为0，如下
[root@xxzx-dalaochao-19 /]# free -g
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 14 2 0 0 11 10
Swap: 0 0 0
创建交换分区即可。
8.2 安装mysql时提示缺少依赖
解决方法：安装相应依赖，不建议强制绕过依赖性检查，如果提示缺少的包是当前解压包里的另一个rpm包，则换下顺序先安装另一个包。
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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/xch_yang/article/details/142958996
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