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【ROS实操六】launch的使用

一、简介

简介

        launch 字面意为“启动”、“发射”,在ROS2中主要用于启动程序。launch模块由launch文件与 ros2 launch命令组成,前者用于打包并配置节点,后者用于执行launch文件。
        作用:简化节点的配置与启动,提高程序的启动效率。      

准备工作

1.新建工作空间ws02_tools,本章后续编码实现都基于此工作空间;

2.终端下进入工作空间的src目录,调用如下两条命令分别创建C++功能包和Python功能包。

ros2 pkg create cpp01_launch --build-type ament_cmake --dependencies rclcpp
ros2 pkg create py01_launch --build-type ament_python --dependencies rclpy

3.在使用Python版的launch文件时,涉及的API众多,为了提高编码效率,可以在VScode中设置launch文件的代码模板,将VScode的配置文件python.json修改为为如下内容:

{
    // Place your snippets for python here. Each snippet is defined under a snippet name and has a prefix, body and 
    // description. The prefix is what is used to trigger the snippet and the body will be expanded and inserted. Possible variables are:
    // $1, $2 for tab stops, $0 for the final cursor position, and ${1:label}, ${2:another} for placeholders. Placeholders with the 
    // same ids are connected.
    // Example:
    // "Print to console": {
    //     "prefix": "log",
    //     "body": [
    //         "console.log('$1');",
    //         "$2"
    //     ],
    //     "description": "Log output to console"
    // }

    "ros2 node": {
        "prefix": "ros2_node_py",
        "body": [
            "\"\"\"  ",
            "    需求:",
            "    流程:",
            "        1.导包;",
            "        2.初始化ROS2客户端;",
            "        3.自定义节点类;",
            "                        ",          
            "        4.调用spain函数,并传入节点对象;",
            "        5.资源释放。 ",
            "",
            "",
            "\"\"\"",
            "# 1.导包;",
            "import rclpy",
            "from rclpy.node import Node",
            "",
            "# 3.自定义节点类;",
            "class MyNode(Node):",
            "    def __init__(self):",
            "        super().__init__(\"mynode_node_py\")",
            "",
            "def main():",
            "    # 2.初始化ROS2客户端;",
            "    rclpy.init()",
            "    # 4.调用spain函数,并传入节点对象;",
            "    rclpy.spin(MyNode())",
            "    # 5.资源释放。 ",
            "    rclpy.shutdown()",
            "",
            "if __name__ == '__main__':",
            "    main()",
        ],
        "description": "ros2 node"
    },
    "ros2 launch py": {
        "prefix": "ros2_launch_py",
        "body": [
            "from launch import LaunchDescription",
            "from launch_ros.actions import Node",
            "# 封装终端指令相关类--------------",
            "# from launch.actions import ExecuteProcess",
            "# from launch.substitutions import FindExecutable",
            "# 参数声明与获取-----------------",
            "# from launch.actions import DeclareLaunchArgument",
            "# from launch.substitutions import LaunchConfiguration",
            "# 文件包含相关-------------------",
            "# from launch.actions import IncludeLaunchDescription",
            "# from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource",
            "# 分组相关----------------------",
            "# from launch_ros.actions import PushRosNamespace",
            "# from launch.actions import GroupAction",
            "# 事件相关----------------------",
            "# from launch.event_handlers import OnProcessStart, OnProcessExit",
            "# from launch.actions import ExecuteProcess, RegisterEventHandler,LogInfo",
            "# 获取功能包下share目录路径-------",
            "# from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory",
            "",
            "def generate_launch_description():",
            "    ",    
            "    return LaunchDescription([])"
        ],
        "description": "ros2 launch"
    }
}

二、基本使用流程

        在 ROS2 中,launch 文件可以使用Python、XML或YAML编写,不同格式的 launch 文件基本使用流程一致。接下来我们通过一个案例演示 launch 文件的基本编写编译流程,案例需求:编写并执行 launch 文件,可以启动两个turtlesim_node节点。

        实现步骤如下:

  1. 编写launch文件;
  2. 编辑配置文件;
  3. 编译;
  4. 执行。

1.C++实现

1.编写launch文件

        功能包cpp01_launch下,创建launch目录。launch文件可以是python文件、xml文件或yaml文件,不同类型的launch文件可以直接存储在launch目录下,或者为了方便管理,我们也可以在launch目录下新建py、xml和yaml三个文件夹分别存储对应类型的launch文件,并且建议不同格式的launch文件命名时分别使用_launch.py_launch.xml_launch.yaml.launch.py.launch.xml.launch.yaml作为后缀名。

不同类型的 launch 文件示例如下:

        Python文件:py00_base.launch.py

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():

    turtle1 = Node(package="turtlesim", executable="turtlesim_node", name="t1")
    turtle2 = Node(package="turtlesim", executable="turtlesim_node", name="t2")
    return LaunchDescription([turtle1, turtle2])

        XML文件:xml00_base.launch.xml

<launch>
    <node pkg="turtlesim" exec="turtlesim_node" name="t1" />
    <node pkg="turtlesim" exec="turtlesim_node" name="t2" />    
</launch>

        YAML文件:yaml00_base.launch.yaml

launch:
- node:
    pkg: "turtlesim"
    exec: "turtlesim_node"
    name: "t1"
- node:
    pkg: "turtlesim"
    exec: "turtlesim_node"
    name: "t2"

        launch 文件编写完毕后,其实已经可以直接使用 ros2 launch 文件路径 的方式执行了,终端中进入当前工作空间,输入如下指令:

ros2 launch src/cpp01_launch/launch/py/py00_base.launch.py

        但是这种执行方式不建议。

2.编辑配置文件

        CMakeLists.txt 中添加语句:

install(DIRECTORY launch DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME})

        无论该功能包的launch目录下有多少个launch文件,launch相关配置只需设置一次即可。

3.编译

        终端中进入当前工作空间,编译功能包:

colcon build --packages-select cpp01_launch
4.执行

        当前工作空间下,启动终端,输入如下指令:

. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp01_launch py00_base.launch.py

        该指令运行的是 python 格式的 launch 文件,其他两个launch文件与之同理。最终,会启动两个 turtlesim_node 节点。

2.Python实现

1.编写launch文件

        功能包py01_launch下,创建launch目录,launch目录下新建py、xml和yaml三个文件夹分别存储对应类型的launch文件,launch 文件实现与 rclcpp 完全一致。并且也可以使用ros2 launch 文件路径的方式执行。

2.编辑配置文件

        编辑 setup.py 文件,需要在 data_files 属性中,添加相关 launch 文件的路径,修改后的内容如下:

from setuptools import setup
from glob import glob
package_name = 'py01_launch'

setup(
    name=package_name,
    version='0.0.0',
    packages=[package_name],
    data_files=[
        ('share/ament_index/resource_index/packages',
            ['resource/' + package_name]),
        ('share/' + package_name, ['package.xml']),
        # launch 文件相关配置
        ('share/' + package_name, glob("launch/py/*.launch.py")),
        ('share/' + package_name, glob("launch/xml/*.launch.xml")),
        ('share/' + package_name, glob("launch/yaml/*.launch.yaml"))
    ],
    install_requires=['setuptools'],
    zip_safe=True,
    maintainer='ros2',
    maintainer_email='ros2@todo.todo',
    description='TODO: Package description',
    license='TODO: License declaration',
    tests_require=['pytest'],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
        ],
    },
)

        无论该功能包的launch目录下有多少个launch文件,launch相关配置只需设置一次即可。

3.编译

        终端中进入当前工作空间,编译功能包:

colcon build --packages-select py01_launch
4.执行

        当前工作空间下,启动终端,输入如下指令:

. install/setup.bash
ros2 run py01_launch py00_base.launch.py

        该指令运行的是 python 格式的 launch 文件,其他两个launch文件与之同理。最终,会启动两个 turtlesim_node 节点。


        建议:对于带有启动文件的功能包,最好在功能包的package.xml中添加对包ros2launch的执行时依赖:

<exec_depend>ros2launch</exec_depend>

这有助于确保在构建功能包后ros2 launch命令可用。它还确保可以识别不同格式的 launch 文件。


下期见!


原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_68192341/article/details/142991930

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