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Spring Boot 工程分层实战(五个分层维度)

1、分层思想

计算机领域有一句话:计算机中任何问题都可通过增加一个虚拟层解决。这句体现了分层思想重要性,分层思想同样适用于Java工程架构。

分层优点是每层只专注本层工作,可以类比设计模式单一职责原则,或者经济学比较优势原理,每层只做本层最擅长的事情。

分层缺点是层之间通信时,需要通过适配器,翻译成本层或者下层可以理解的信息,通信成本有所增加。

工程分层需要从五个维度思考:

(1) 单一
每层只处理一类事情,满足单一职责原则

(2) 降噪
信息在每一层进行传输,满足最小知识原则,只向下层传输必要信息

(3) 适配
每层都需要一个适配器,翻译信息为本层或者下层可以理解的信息

(4) 业务
业务对象可以整合业务逻辑,例如使用充血模型整合业务

(5) 数据
数据对象尽量纯净,尽量不要聚合业务

1.2 九层结构
综上所述SpringBoot工程可以分为九层:

工具层:util
整合层:integration
基础层:infrastructure
服务层:service
领域层:domain
门面层:facade
控制层:controller
客户端:client
启动层:boot

2、 分层详解

创建测试项目user-demo-service:

user-demo-service
    -user-demo-service-boot
    -user-demo-service-client
    -user-demo-service-controller
    -user-demo-service-domain
    -user-demo-service-facade
    -user-demo-service-infrastructure
    -user-demo-service-integration
    -user-demo-service-service
    -user-demo-service-util

2.1 util

  • 工具层承载工具代码

  • 不依赖本项目其它模块

  • 只依赖一些通用工具包

user-demo-service-util
    -/src/main/java
        -date
            -DateUtil.java
        -json
            -JSONUtil.java
        -validate
            -BizValidator.java

2.2 infrastructure
基础层核心是承载数据访问,entity实体对象承载在本层。

2.2.1 项目结构
代码层分为两个领域:

  • player:运动员
  • game:比赛

每个领域具有两个子包:

  • entity
  • mapper

user-demo-service-infrastructure
    -/src/main/java
        -player
            -entity
                -PlayerEntity.java
            -mapper
                -PlayerEntityMapper.java
        -game
            -entity
                -GameEntity.java
            -mapper
                -GameEntityMapper.java
    -/src/main/resources
        -mybatis
            -sqlmappers
                -gameEntityMapper.xml
                -playerEntityMapper.xml

2.2.2 本项目间依赖关系
infrastructure只依赖工具模块

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-util</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2.3 核心代码
创建运动员数据表:

CREATE TABLE `player` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
  `player_id` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '运动员编号',
  `player_name` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '运动员名称',
  `height` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '身高',
  `weight` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '体重',
  `game_performance` text COMMENT '最近一场比赛表现',
  `creator` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
  `updator` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '修改人',
  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `update_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

运动员实体对象,gamePerformance字段作为string保存在数据库,这体现了数据层尽量纯净,不要整合过多业务,解析任务应该放在业务层:

public class PlayerEntity {
    private Long id;
    private String playerId;
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private String creator;
    private String updator;
    private Date createTime;
    private Date updateTime;
    private String gamePerformance;
}

运动员Mapper对象:

@Repository
public interface PlayerEntityMapper {
    int insert(PlayerEntity record);
    int updateById(PlayerEntity record);
    PlayerEntity selectById(@Param("playerId") String playerId);
}

2.3 domain
2.3.1 概念说明
领域层是DDD流行兴起之概念

可以通过三组对比理解领域层

  • 领域对象 VS 数据对象
  • 领域对象 VS 业务对象
  • 领域层 VS 业务层

(1) 领域对象 VS 数据对象
数据对象字段尽量纯净,使用基本类型

public class PlayerEntity {
    private Long id;
    private String playerId;
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private String creator;
    private String updator;
    private Date createTime;
    private Date updateTime;
    private String gamePerformance;
}

以查询结果领域对象为例

领域对象需要体现业务含义

public class PlayerQueryResultDomain {
    private String playerId;
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private GamePerformanceVO gamePerformance;
}
public class GamePerformanceVO {
    // 跑动距离
    private Double runDistance;
    // 传球成功率
    private Double passSuccess;
    // 进球数
    private Integer scoreNum;
}

(2) 领域对象 VS 业务对象
业务对象同样会体现业务,领域对象和业务对象有什么不同呢?其中一个最大不同是领域对象采用充血模型聚合业务。

运动员新增业务对象:

public class PlayerCreateBO {
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private GamePerformanceVO gamePerformance;
    private MaintainCreateVO maintainInfo;
}

运动员新增领域对象:

public class PlayerCreateDomain implements BizValidator {
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private GamePerformanceVO gamePerformance;
    private MaintainCreateVO maintainInfo;

    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(playerName)) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == height) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (height > 300) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == weight) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null != gamePerformance) {
            gamePerformance.validate();
        }
        if (null == maintainInfo) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        maintainInfo.validate();
    }
}

(3) 领域层 VS 业务层
领域层和业务层都包含业务,二者不是替代关系,而是互补关系。业务层可以更加灵活组合不同领域业务,并且可以增加流控、监控、日志、权限,分布式锁等控制,相较于领域层功能更为丰富。

2.3.2 项目结构
代码层分为两个领域:

  • player:运动员
  • game:比赛

每个领域具有三个子包:

  • domain:领域对象
  • event:领域事件
  • vo:值对象
user-demo-service-domain
    -/src/main/java
        -base
            -domain
                -BaseDomain.java
            -event
                -BaseEvent.java
            -vo
                -BaseVO.java
                -MaintainCreateVO.java
                -MaintainUpdateVO.java
        -player
            -domain
                -PlayerCreateDomain.java
                -PlayerUpdateDomain.java
                -PlayerQueryResultDomain.java
            -event
                -PlayerUpdateEvent.java
            -vo
                -GamePerformanceVO.java
        -game
            -domain
                -GameCreateDomain.java
                -GameUpdateDomain.java
                -GameQueryResultDomain.java
            -event
                -GameUpdateEvent.java
            -vo
                -GameSubstitutionVO.java

2.3.3 本项目间依赖关系
domain依赖本项目两个模块:

  • util
  • client

之所以依赖client模块是因为领域对象聚合了业务校验,以下信息需要暴露至外部:

  • BizException
  • ErrorCodeBizEnum
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-util</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.3.4 核心代码
以运动员修改领域对象为例:

// 运动员修改领域对象

public class PlayerUpdateDomain extends BaseDomain implements BizValidator {
    private String playerId;
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private String updator;
    private Date updatetime;
    private GamePerformanceVO gamePerformance;
    private MaintainUpdateVO maintainInfo;

    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(playerId)) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(playerName)) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == height) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (height > 300) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == weight) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null != gamePerformance) {
            gamePerformance.validate();
        }
        if (null == maintainInfo) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        maintainInfo.validate();
    }
}

// 比赛表现值对象

public class GamePerformanceVO implements BizValidator {

    // 跑动距离
    private Double runDistance;
    // 传球成功率
    private Double passSuccess;
    // 进球数
    private Integer scoreNum;

    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if (null == runDistance) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == passSuccess) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (Double.compare(passSuccess, 100) > 0) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == runDistance) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == scoreNum) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
    }
}

// 修改人值对象

public class MaintainUpdateVO implements BizValidator {

    // 修改人
    private String updator;
    // 修改时间
    private Date updateTime;

    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if (null == updator) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
        if (null == updateTime) {
            throw new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
        }
    }
}

2.4 service
2.4.1 项目结构

user-demo-service-service
    -/src/main/java
        -player
            -adapter
                -PlayerServiceAdapter.java
            -event
                -PlayerMessageSender.java
            -service
                -PlayerService.java
        -game
            -adapter
                -GameServiceAdapter.java
            -event
                -GameMessageSender.java
            -service
                -GameService.java

2.4.2 本项目间依赖关系
service依赖本项目四个模块:

  • util
  • domain
  • integration
  • infrastructure
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-domain</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-infrastructure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-util</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-integration</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.4.3 核心代码
以运动员编辑服务为例:

// 运动员服务

public class PlayerService {

    @Resource
    private PlayerEntityMapper playerEntityMapper;
    @Resource
    private PlayerMessageSender playerMessageSender;
    @Resource
    private PlayerServiceAdapter playerServiceAdapter;

    public boolean updatePlayer(PlayerUpdateDomain player) {
        AssertUtil.notNull(player, new BizException(ErrorCodeBizEnum.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
        player.validate();
        PlayerEntity entity = playerServiceAdapter.convertUpdate(player);
        playerEntityMapper.updateById(entity);
        playerMessageSender.sendPlayerUpdatemessage(player);
        return true;
    }
}

// 运动员消息服务

public class PlayerMessageSender {

    @Resource
    private PlayerServiceAdapter playerServiceAdapter;

    public boolean sendPlayerUpdatemessage(PlayerUpdateDomain domain) {
        PlayerUpdateEvent event = playerServiceAdapter.convertUpdateEvent(domain);
        log.info("sendPlayerUpdatemessage event={}", event);
        return true;
    }
}

// 服务适配器

public class PlayerServiceAdapter {

    // domain -> entity
    public PlayerEntity convertUpdate(PlayerUpdateDomain domain) {
        PlayerEntity player = new PlayerEntity();
        player.setPlayerId(domain.getPlayerId());
        player.setPlayerName(domain.getPlayerName());
        player.setWeight(domain.getWeight());
        player.setHeight(domain.getHeight());
        if (null != domain.getGamePerformance()) {
            player.setGamePerformance(JacksonUtil.bean2Json(domain.getGamePerformance()));
        }
        String updator = domain.getMaintainInfo().getUpdator();
        Date updateTime = domain.getMaintainInfo().getUpdateTime();
        player.setUpdator(updator);
        player.setUpdateTime(updateTime);
        return player;
    }

    // domain -> event
    public PlayerUpdateEvent convertUpdateEvent(PlayerUpdateDomain domain) {
        PlayerUpdateEvent event = new PlayerUpdateEvent();
        event.setPlayerUpdateDomain(domain);
        event.setMessageId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        event.setMessageId(PlayerMessageType.UPDATE.getMsg());
        return event;
    }
}

2.5 intergration
本项目可能会依赖外部服务,那么将外部DTO转换为本项目可以理解的对象,需要在本层处理。

2.5.1 项目结构
假设本项目调用了用户中心服务:

user-demo-service-intergration
    -/src/main/java
        -user
            -adapter
                -UserClientAdapter.java
            -proxy
                -UserClientProxy.java

2.5.2 本项目间依赖关系
intergration依赖本项目两个模块:

  • util
  • domain
    之所以依赖domain模块,是因为本层需要将外部DTO转换为本项目可以理解的对象,这些对象就放在domain模块。
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-domain</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-util</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.5.3 核心代码
现在我们将外部对象UserClientDTO

转换为本项目领域对象UserInfoDomain

(1) 外部服务
// 外部对象

public class UserInfoClientDTO implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private Date createTime;
    private Date updateTime;
    private String mobile;
    private String cityCode;
    private String addressDetail;
}

// 外部服务

public class UserClientService {

    // RPC模拟
    public UserInfoClientDTO getUserInfo(String userId) {
        UserInfoClientDTO userInfo = new UserInfoClientDTO();
        userInfo.setId(userId);
        userInfo.setName(userId);
        userInfo.setCreateTime(DateUtil.now());
        userInfo.setUpdateTime(DateUtil.now());
        userInfo.setMobile("test-mobile");
        userInfo.setCityCode("test-city-code");
        userInfo.setAddressDetail("test-address-detail");
        return userInfo;
    }
}

(2) 本项目领域对象
domain模块新增user领域:

user-demo-service-domain
    -/src/main/java
        -user
            -domain
                -UserDomain.java
            -vo
                -UserAddressVO.java
                -UserContactVO.java

user领域对象代码:

// 用户领域

public class UserInfoDomain extends BaseDomain {
    private UserContactVO contactInfo;
    private UserAddressVO addressInfo;
}

// 地址值对象

public class UserAddressVO extends BaseVO {
    private String cityCode;
    private String addressDetail;
}

// 联系方式值对象

public class UserContactVO extends BaseVO {
    private String mobile;
}

(3) 适配器

public class UserClientAdapter {

    // third dto -> domain
    public UserInfoDomain convertUserDomain(UserInfoClientDTO userInfo) {
        UserInfoDomain userDomain = new UserInfoDomain();
        UserContactVO contactVO = new UserContactVO();
        contactVO.setMobile(userInfo.getMobile());
        userDomain.setContactInfo(contactVO);

        UserAddressVO addressVO = new UserAddressVO();
        addressVO.setCityCode(userInfo.getCityCode());
        addressVO.setAddressDetail(userInfo.getAddressDetail());
        userDomain.setAddressInfo(addressVO);
        return userDomain;
    }
}

(4) 调用外部服务

public class UserClientProxy {

    @Resource
    private UserClientService userClientService;
    @Resource
    private UserClientAdapter userClientAdapter;

    public UserInfoDomain getUserInfo(String userId) {
        UserInfoClientDTO user = userClientService.getUserInfo(userId);
        UserInfoDomain result = userClientAdapter.convertUserDomain(user);
        return result;
    }
}

2.6 facade + client
设计模式中有一种Facade模式,称为门面模式或者外观模式。这种模式提供一个简洁对外语义,屏蔽内部系统复杂性。

client承载数据对外传输对象DTO,facade承载对外服务,这两层必须满足最小知识原则,无关信息不必对外透出。

这样做有两个优点:

  • 简洁性:对外服务语义明确简洁
  • 安全性:敏感字段不能对外透出

2.6.1 项目结构
(1) client
user-demo-service-client

   -/src/main/java
        -base
            -dto
                -BaseDTO.java
            -error
                -BizException.java
                -BizErrorCode.java
            -event
                -BaseEventDTO.java
            -result
                -ResultDTO.java
        -player
            -dto
                -PlayerCreateDTO.java
                -PlayerQueryResultDTO.java
                -PlayerUpdateDTO.java
            -enums
                -PlayerMessageTypeEnum.java
            -event
                -PlayerUpdateEventDTO.java
            -service
                -PlayerClientService.java

(2) facade
user-demo-service-facade

-/src/main/java
    -player
        -adapter
            -PlayerFacadeAdapter.java
        -impl
            -PlayerClientServiceImpl.java
    -game
        -adapter
            -GameFacadeAdapter.java
        -impl
            -GameClientServiceImpl.java

2.6.2 本项目间依赖关系
client不依赖本项目其它模块,这一点非常重要,因为client会被外部引用,必须保证这一层简洁和安全。

facade依赖本项目三个模块:

  • domain
  • client
  • service
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-domain</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-service</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.6.3 核心代码
(1) DTO
以查询运动员信息为例,查询结果DTO只封装最关键字段,例如运动员ID、创建时间、修改时间等业务不强字段就无须透出:

public class PlayerQueryResultDTO implements Serializable {
    private String playerName;
    private Integer height;
    private Integer weight;
    private GamePerformanceDTO gamePerformanceDTO;
}

(2) 客户端服务

public interface PlayerClientService {
    public ResultDTO<PlayerQueryResultDTO> queryById(String playerId);
}

(3) 适配器

public class PlayerFacadeAdapter {

    // domain -> dto
    public PlayerQueryResultDTO convertQuery(PlayerQueryResultDomain domain) {
        if (null == domain) {
            return null;
        }
        PlayerQueryResultDTO result = new PlayerQueryResultDTO();
        result.setPlayerId(domain.getPlayerId());
        result.setPlayerName(domain.getPlayerName());
        result.setHeight(domain.getHeight());
        result.setWeight(domain.getWeight());
        if (null != domain.getGamePerformance()) {
            GamePerformanceDTO performance = convertGamePerformance(domain.getGamePerformance());
            result.setGamePerformanceDTO(performance);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

(4) 服务实现

public class PlayerClientServiceImpl implements PlayerClientService {

    @Resource
    private PlayerService playerService;
    @Resource
    private PlayerFacadeAdapter playerFacadeAdapter;

    @Override
    public ResultDTO<PlayerQueryResultDTO> queryById(String playerId) {
        PlayerQueryResultDomain resultDomain = playerService.queryPlayerById(playerId);
        if (null == resultDomain) {
            return ResultCommonDTO.success();
        }
        PlayerQueryResultDTO result = playerFacadeAdapter.convertQuery(resultDomain);
        return ResultCommonDTO.success(result);
    }
}

2.7 controller
facade服务实现可以作为RPC提供服务,controller则作为本项目HTTP接口提供服务,供前端调用。

controller需要注意HTTP相关特性,敏感信息例如登陆用户ID不能依赖前端传递,登陆后前端会在请求头带一个登陆用户信息,服务端需要从请求头中获取并解析。

2.7.1 项目结构

user-demo-service-controller
    -/src/main/java
        -config
            -CharsetConfig.java
        -controller
            -player
                -PlayerController.java
            -game
                -GameController.java

2.7.2 本项目依赖关系
controller依赖本项目一个模块:

facade
根据依赖传递原理同时依赖以下模块:

  • domain
  • client
  • service
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.test.javafront</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-demo-service-facade</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.7.3 核心代码

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/player")
public class PlayerController {

    @Resource
    private PlayerClientService playerClientService;

    @PostMapping("/add")
    public ResultDTO<Boolean> add(@RequestHeader("test-login-info") String loginUserId, @RequestBody PlayerCreateDTO dto) {
        dto.setCreator(loginUserId);
        ResultCommonDTO<Boolean> resultDTO = playerClientService.addPlayer(dto);
        return resultDTO;
    }

    @PostMapping("/update")
    public ResultDTO<Boolean> update(@RequestHeader("test-login-info") String loginUserId, @RequestBody PlayerUpdateDTO dto) {
        dto.setUpdator(loginUserId);
        ResultCommonDTO<Boolean> resultDTO = playerClientService.updatePlayer(dto);
        return resultDTO;
    }

    @GetMapping("/{playerId}/query")
    public ResultDTO<PlayerQueryResultDTO> queryById(@RequestHeader("test-login-info") String loginUserId, @PathVariable("playerId") String playerId) {
        ResultCommonDTO<PlayerQueryResultDTO> resultDTO = playerClientService.queryById(playerId);
        return resultDTO;
    }
}

2.8 boot
boot作为启动层,只有启动入口代码

2.8.1 项目结构
所有模块代码均必须属于com.user.demo.service子路径

user-demo-service-boot
    -/src/main/java
        -com.user.demo.service
            -MainApplication.java

2.8.2 本项目间依赖
boot引用本项目所有模块

  • util
  • integration
  • infrastructure
  • service
  • domain
  • facade
  • controller
  • client

2.8.3 核心代码

@MapperScan("com.user.demo.service.infrastructure.*.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
    }
}

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46619605/article/details/144415561

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