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数据结构---带头双向循环链表

目录

一、概念

二、接口实现

1、申请新节点

2、初始化 

3、尾插 

4、尾删

5、头插 

6、头删 

7、计算链表长度

8、在pos之前插入 

9、删除pos位置 

10、销毁

三、完整代码

四、顺序表和链表的区别


一、概念

带头双向循环链表:构最复杂,结一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构,都
是带头双向循环链表。

二、接口实现

1、申请新节点

LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x)
{
LTNode* node = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
if (node == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail");
exit(-1);
}

node->data = x;
node->next = NULL;
node->prev = NULL;

return node;
}

2、初始化 

为什么单链表这里并不需要初始化,而在这里就要进行初始化呢?
因为需要获取到这里的head头结点。

//初始化
LTNode* LTInit()
{
LTNode* phead = BuyLTNode(-1);
phead->next = phead;
phead->prev = phead;

return phead;
}

 同样的在这里我们为了方便测试,顺手把打印实现一下:

 

//打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
printf("phead<==>");
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
printf("%d<==>", cur->data);
cur = cur->next;
}
printf("\n");
}

3、尾插 

//尾插
void LTPushback(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
assert(phead);
LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

newnode->prev = tail;
tail->next = newnode;
newnode->next = phead;
phead->prev = newnode;

    //附用代码
    //LTInsert(phead, x);

}

 

4、尾删

//尾删
void LTPopback(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
assert(phead->next != phead);
LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
LTNode* tailPrev = tail->prev;

free(tail);
tailPrev->next = phead;
phead->prev = tailPrev;

    
    //附用代码
    //LTErase(phead->prev);

}

 

5、头插 

 

//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{

assert(phead);
    //第一种写法
LTNode* tail = phead->next;
LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);
newnode->next = tail;
tail->prev = newnode;

phead->next = newnode;
newnode->prev = phead;


    //第二种写法,不建议,这种写法要注意先后顺序
//newnode->next = phead->next;
//phead->next->prev = newnode;

//phead->next = newnode;
//newnode->prev = phead;


    //附用代码
    //LTInsert(phead->next, x);
}

 

6、头删 

//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
assert(phead->next != phead);
LTNode* tail = phead->next;
LTNode* tailNext = tail->next;

free(tail);
phead->next = tailNext;
tailNext->prev = phead;

    
    //附用代码
    //LTErase(phead->next);

}

7、计算链表长度

//计算链表长度
int LTSize(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);

int size = 0;
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
++size;
cur = cur->next;
}
return size;
}

这里顺便实现一个查找: 

//查找
LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
assert(phead);
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while(cur != phead)
{
if (cur->data == x)
return cur;

cur = cur->next;
}
return NULL;
}

8、在pos之前插入 

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x)
{
assert(pos);
LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;
LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

newnode->next = pos;
pos->prev = newnode;

posPrev->next = newnode;
newnode->prev = posPrev;

}

9、删除pos位置 

//删除pos位置
void LTErase(LTNode* pos)
{
assert(pos);

LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;
LTNode* posNext = pos->next;

free(pos);
posPrev->next = posNext;
posNext->prev = posPrev;
}

在实现了pos位置的插入删除之后,我们就可以对头插头删,尾插尾删进行附用(具体附用代码,在头插头删,尾插尾删的代码最后已给出) 。

10、销毁

//销毁
void LTDestory(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);

LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
LTNode* next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = next;
}
free(phead);

}

 

三、完整代码

//List.h


#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

typedef int LTDataType;
typedef struct ListNode
{
struct ListNode* prev;
struct ListNode* next;
LTDataType data;
}LTNode;

//申请新节点
LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x);

//初始化
LTNode* LTInit();

//销毁
void LTDestory(LTNode* phead);

//打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead);

//尾插
void LTPushback(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

//尾删
void LTPopback(LTNode* phead);

//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead);

//计算链表长度
int LTSize(LTNode* phead);

//查找
LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x);

//删除pos位置
void LTErase(LTNode* pos);
//List.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "List.h"

//申请新节点
LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x)
{
LTNode* node = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
if (node == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail");
exit(-1);
}

node->data = x;
node->next = NULL;
node->prev = NULL;

return node;
}


//初始化
LTNode* LTInit()
{
LTNode* phead = BuyLTNode(-1);
phead->next = phead;
phead->prev = phead;

return phead;
}

//打印
void LTPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
printf("phead<==>");
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
printf("%d<==>", cur->data);
cur = cur->next;
}
printf("\n");
}

//尾插
void LTPushback(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
assert(phead);
/*LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

newnode->prev = tail;
tail->next = newnode;
newnode->next = phead;
phead->prev = newnode;*/

//附用版本
LTInsert(phead, x);

}

//尾删
void LTPopback(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
assert(phead->next != phead);
//LTNode* tail = phead->prev;
//LTNode* tailPrev = tail->prev;
//
//free(tail);
//tailPrev->next = phead;
//phead->prev = tailPrev;

//附用版本
LTErase(phead->prev);

}


//头插
void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
assert(phead);
//第一种方法
//LTNode* tail = phead->next;
//LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);
//newnode->next = tail;
//tail->prev = newnode;

//phead->next = newnode;
//newnode->prev = phead;

//附用版本
LTInsert(phead->next, x);

//第二种方法,不建议,因为要注意先后顺序
//newnode->next = phead->next;
//phead->next->prev = newnode;

//phead->next = newnode;
//newnode->prev = phead;
}

//头删
void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);
assert(phead->next != phead);
//LTNode* tail = phead->next;
//LTNode* tailNext = tail->next;

//free(tail);
//phead->next = tailNext;
//tailNext->prev = phead;

//附用版本
LTErase(phead->next);

}

//计算链表长度
int LTSize(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);

int size = 0;
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
++size;
cur = cur->next;
}
return size;
}

//查找
LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x)
{
assert(phead);
LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while(cur != phead)
{
if (cur->data == x)
return cur;

cur = cur->next;
}
return NULL;
}

//在pos之前插入
void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x)
{
assert(pos);
LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;
LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);

newnode->next = pos;
pos->prev = newnode;

posPrev->next = newnode;
newnode->prev = posPrev;


}

//删除pos位置
void LTErase(LTNode* pos)
{
assert(pos);

LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;
LTNode* posNext = pos->next;

free(pos);
posPrev->next = posNext;
posNext->prev = posPrev;
}


//销毁
void LTDestory(LTNode* phead)
{
assert(phead);

LTNode* cur = phead->next;
while (cur != phead)
{
LTNode* next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = next;
}
free(phead);

}

四、顺序表和链表的区别

不同点顺序表链表
存储空间上物理上一定连续逻辑上连续,但物理上不一定连续
随机访问支持:O(1)不支持:O(N)
任意位置插入或删除元素可能需要移动元素,效率低 O(N)只需修改指针指向
插入动态顺序,空间不够时需要扩容没有容量的概念
应用场景元素高效存储+频繁访问任意位置插入和删除频繁
缓存利用率

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73299878/article/details/144325114

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