Spring(四)多线程+异步任务执行服务+常见的Enable注解+SpringUnit测试
Spring多线程
- Spring通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor)来实现多线程和并发编程
- ThreadPoolTaskExecutor实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor
- 配置类中@EnableAsync开启对异步任务的支持
- 使用@Async声明该任务为异步
①、配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.xxx.taskExecutor")
@EnableAsync //开启异步任务
public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer{
//获取一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor(){
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
pubic AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler(){
return null;
}
}
②、任务执行类
这里的方法自动被注入使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor作为TaskExecutor
@Service
public class AsyncTaskService{
@Async //该方法是异步方法,如果注解到类上,标识该类所有方法都是异步的
public void executeAsyncTask(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务"+i);
}
@Async
public void executeAsyncTaskPlus(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务+1"+(i+1));
}
}
③、运行
结果是并发执行,而不是顺序执行
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TaskExecutorConfig.class);
AsyncTaskService asyncTaskService = context.getBean(TaskExecutorConfig.class);
for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++){
asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTask(i);
asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTaskPlus(i);
}
context.close();
}
}
异步任务执行服务ExecutorService
任务的提交和任务的执行相分离
- 执行服务封装了任务执行的细节(线程创建、关闭,任务调度)
- 提交关注任务本身(提交任务、获取结果、取消任务)
public class BasicDemo{
static class Task implements Callable<Integer>{
int sleepSeconds = new Random().nextInt(1000);
Thread.sleep(sleepSeconds);
return sleepSeconds;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(new Task());
//模拟其他任务
Thread.sleep(100);
try{
System.out.println(future.get());
}catch(ExecutionException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
@Enable*注解
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 开启对AspectJ自动代理的支持
@EnableAsync 开启异步方法的支持
@EnableScheduling 开启计划任务的支持
@EnableWebMvc 开启Web MVC的配置支持
@EnableConfigurationProperties开启对@ConfigurationProperties注解配置Bean的支持
@EnableJpaRepositories开启对Spring Data Repository的支持
@EnableTransactionManagement开启对注解式事务的支持
@EnableCaching开启注解式的缓存支持
以上所有开启功能的共性,都有一个@Import用来导入配置类
一、直接导入配置类
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import(SchedulingConfiguration.class)//直接导入配置类
@Documented
public @interface EnableScheduling{}
二、依据条件选择配置类
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPlicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(AsyncConfigurationSelector.class)//通过条件来选择需要导入的
public @interface EnableAsync{
Class<? extends Annotation> annotation() default Annotation.class;
boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;
int order() default Order.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
}
三、动态注册Bean
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)//运行时自动添加Bean到已有的配置类
public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy{
boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
}
Spring测试
Spring通过Spring TestContext Framework对集成测试提供顶级支持
不依赖特定框架,既可以用Junit,也可以用TestNG
Spring提供了一个SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类
该类提供了Spring TestContext Framework的功能,通过@ContextConfiguration来配置Application Context
通过@ActiveProfiles确定活动的profile
①、依赖
spring-test junit
②、业务代码
public class TestBean{
private String content;
public TestBean(String content){
super();
this.content = content;
}
public String getContent(){
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content){
this.content = content;
}
}
③、配置类
@Configuration
public class TestConfig{
@Bean
@Profile("dev")
public TestBean devTestBean(){
return new TestBean("from development profile");
}
@Bean
@Profile("prod")
public TestBean prodTestBean(){
return new TestBean("from production profile");
}
}
④、测试
```java
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//JUnit环境下提供Spring TestContext Framework的功能
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {TestConfig.class})//用来加载配置ApplicationContext其中classes属性用来加载配置类
@ActiveProfiles("prod")//用来声明活动的profile
public class DemoBeanIntegrationTests{
@Autowired
private TestBean testBean;
@Test
public void prodBeanShouldInject(){
String expected = "from production profile";
String actual = testBean.getContent();
Assert.assertEquals(expected,actual);
}
}
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/usa_washington/article/details/142425626
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