nginx的location规则与其他功能
1. nginx中location规则：
| 规则 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| ~ | 表示执行一个正则匹配，区分大小写 |
| ~* | 表示执行一个正则匹配，不区分大小写 |
| ^~ | 表示普通字符匹配，如果该选项匹配，只匹配该选项，不匹配别的选项，一般用来匹配目录 |
| = | 进行普通字符精确匹配 |
| @ | 定义一个命名的 location，使用在内部定向时，例如 error_page, try_files |
~和~*同时存在的时候，从上往下进行匹配
~和^~同时存在的时候，优先是^~
=匹配的优先级别最高
@使用场景：
laravel的伪静态和swoole假设laravel框架，进行反向代理的时候会用到这个，还有异常处理转向操作
2. nginx的rewrite指令
www.baidu.com/abc => www.aliyun.com/bcd
Rewrite是nginx服务器提供的一个重要基本功能，在Web服务器产品中几乎是必备的
功能，主要用于实现URL的重写。
URL的重写能让我们在改变网站结构后，无需要求客户端用户修改原来的书签，也无
需其他网站修改对我们网站的链接地址，能够提高网站的安全性
rewrite指令通过正则表达式的使用来改变URI。可以同时存在一个或者多个指令，
按照顺序依次对URL进行配置和处理
参数：
regex ：用于匹配URI的正则表达式。
replacement：匹配成功后用于替换URI中截取内容的字符串
flag：用来设置rewrite对URI的处理行为
rewrite ^/abc /index.php redirect; #临时重定向 301 rewrite ^/bcd /index.php permanent; #永久重定向 302
查阅nginx中重定向break的使用
user www www;
worker_processes auto;
error_log logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
multi_accept on;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
lua_package_path "/www/server/luaJIT/lib/lua/?.lua";
include proxy.conf;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 50m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m;
limit_conn_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m;
server_tokens off;
access_log off;
server
{
listen 888;
server_name phpmyadmin;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /www/server/phpmyadmin;
location ~ /tmp/ {
return 403;
}
#include enable-php.conf;
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
location ~ /\.
{
deny all;
}
access_log logs/access.log;
}
include /www/server/nginx/vhost/*.conf;
}
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/mime.types:
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/webp webp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
font/woff woff;
font/woff2 woff2;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
pptx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
docx;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/proxy.conf:
proxy_temp_path /www/server/nginx/proxy_temp_dir;
proxy_cache_path /www/server/nginx/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:20m inactive=1d max_size=5g;
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_connect_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_cache cache_one;
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/vhost/localhost.conf:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
root /www/wwwroot/nginx1;
index index.php index.html;
location ^~ /abc {
proxy_cache cache_one;
proxy_pass http://yuxiaodong.club/;
proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
proxy_cache_valid any 10m;
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$)
{
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
include pathinfo.conf;
}
}
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf:
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_SCHEME $scheme;
fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/pathinfo.conf:
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
# configuration file /www/server/nginx/vhost/yuxiaodong.conf:
server
{
listen 80;
server_name yuxiaodong.club;
root /www/wwwroot/blog-web;
index index.php index.html;
default_type text/html;
location ^~ /abc {
rewrite ^/abc /index.php redirect; # 临时重定向
}
location ^~ /bcd {
rewrite ^/bcd /index.php permanent; #永久重定向
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 10s;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$)
{
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
include pathinfo.conf;
}
error_log /www/server/nginx/logs/yuxiaodong_error.log;
}
此配置属于nginx -T输出,仅作为参考,不能直接复制,原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/fengfeiyeqi/article/details/136892249
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