自学内容网 自学内容网

网络编程【InetAddress , TCP 、UDP 、HTTP 案例】

day38上

网络编程

InetAddress

理解:表示主机类

一个域名 对应 多个IP地址

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {

//获取本机的IP地址
//InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
//System.out.println(localHost);

//获取域名对应的服务器地址
//InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
//System.out.println(byName);

//获取域名对应的所有的服务器地址
InetAddress[] allByName = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.baidu.com");
for (InetAddress inetAddress : allByName) {
System.out.println(inetAddress);
}      
}
//输出:www.baidu.com/183.2.172.42
//   www.baidu.com/183.2.172.185
//是可以通过服务器地址如183.2.172.42去访问的

Scoket

Scoket也叫套接字,其表示的是IP地址和端口号的组合。

网络编程主要就是指Socket编程,网络间的通信其实就是Socket间的通信,数据就通过IO流在两个Scoket间进行传递。

TCP

API:Socket,ServerSocket

客户端(发送一个请求) 服务端(接收到这个请求,给予响应)

案例

1.简单的TCP通信

  1. 编写服务端程序
  2. 编写客户端程序
  3. 客户端向服务端发送请求信息,服务端成功接收
  4. 服务端向客户端发送响应信息,客户端成功接收

2.升级服务端,使其处理多个客户端请求

3.继续优化服务端,让多个客户端的请求无需排队

4.关闭资源-提取工具类

简单的TCP通信
简单的TCP通信理解图

TCP理解图

ps:奇男子去会所按摩
简单的TCP通信理解图

简单的TCP通信

前提:在同一局域网下

先运行服务器

//服务端
public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

//大堂经理
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);

//18号技师
//注意:accept()是线程阻塞的方法,该方法会等待客户端的连接成功后才生成一个Socket对象与之交互
Socket socket = server.accept();

//2.接受来自客户端的数据
//InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
//InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in, "GBK");
//BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        //一步步封装
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));
String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);

//3.向客户端发送数据
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ps.println("18号技师:今年18岁");

br.close();
ps.close();
server.close();
}
}

使用println、BufferedReader
底层识别换行,BufferedReader流的readLine() – 读取一行
接收是获取的通过转换流再转带缓冲区的流,注意编码格式以防乱码
socket不能随便关闭,最后关闭或者不关闭

//客户端
public class Client {

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

//注意:关闭流相当于关闭Socket!!!

//奇男子
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);

//1.向服务端发送数据
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
ps.println("奇男子:小妹妹,你多大了?");

//4.接受来自服务端的数据
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));
String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);

ps.close();
br.close();
socket.close();
}
}
简单TCP通信运行图

注意运行显示接受信息

传输文件

类似文件拷贝

较简单TCP通信,使用流不同

public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);

Socket socket = server.accept();

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("copy.mp4"));

byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = bis.read(bs)) != -1){
bos.write(bs, 0, len);
}

bis.close();
bos.close();
server.close();
}
}
//读取写入文件
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("奇男子.mp4"));
        //直接输出流转换为带有缓冲区的,效率更高
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = bis.read(bs)) != -1){
bos.write(bs, 0, len);
}

bis.close();
bos.close();
socket.close();
}
}
//读取源文件写出
单聊
单聊

把流放在循环外面,防止每次次循环都new一个流,浪费资源,还有就是没有关闭资源

一对一,你一言我一语

public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);

Socket socket = server.accept();

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());

while(true){
String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);

ps.println("18号技师:" + scan.next());
}

}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));

while(true){

ps.println("奇男子:" + scan.next());

String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);
}

}
}
优化

单聊一言一语改进:用多线程,一个线程发送、一个线程接受

改进后一个人可以发多条消息

public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);

Socket socket = server.accept();

//接收消息
new ReceiveThread(socket).start();

//发送消息
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
while(true){
ps.println("18号技师:" + scan.next());
}

}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);

//接收消息
new ReceiveThread(socket).start();

//发送消息
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
while(true){
ps.println("奇男子:" + scan.next());
}

}
}

添加一个接受消息的线程

//接受的线程
public class ReceiveThread extends Thread{

private Socket socket;

public ReceiveThread(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}

@Override
public void run() {

try {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));
while(true){
String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}
群聊

多线程,发送在子线程,接受在主线程

设想是几个客户端之间互相发送消息,但由于这里使用TCP,而(面向连接)TCP必须通过服务端进行交流,不能这么操作

TCP群聊理解图

服务端连接成功一个就会产生一个Socket,ServerSocket不算进去

这里接受当前客户端的消息再发送给其他客户端,key就直接做成输出流,而不是Socket对象

TCP群聊理解图

客户端没有问题,就直接用Client、ReceiveThread,服务端需要更改

简单测试需要多个电脑操作进行群聊,即多个客户端

public class Server {

public static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, PrintStream> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8080);

while(true){

Socket socket = server.accept();

String ip = socket.getInetAddress().toString();
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
map.put(ip, ps);

new ServerThread(socket).start();
}

}
}

添加一个服务端的线程

public class ServerThread extends Thread{

private Socket socket;

public ServerThread(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}

@Override
public void run() {

try {
//接受当前客户端的消息
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), "GBK"));
while(true){
String readLine = br.readLine();
System.out.println(readLine);

//发送给其他客户端消息
Set<Entry<String,PrintStream>> entrySet = Server.map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, PrintStream> entry : entrySet) {
String ip = entry.getKey();
PrintStream ps = entry.getValue();

if(!socket.getInetAddress().toString().equals(ip)){
ps.println(readLine);
}
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}

三次握手、四次挥手

三次握手
四次挥手

UDP

简介

UDP(User Datagram Protocol)用户数据报包协议,UDP和TCP位于同一层-传输层,但它对于数据包的顺序错误或重发没有TCP可靠;UDP是一种面向无连接的通信协议。UDP向应用程序提供一种发送封装的原始IP数据报的方法,并且发送时无需建立连接,不保证可靠数据的传输

UDP理解图

适用:视频聊天

UDP理解图

简单的UDP通信

协议的Socket是DatagramSocket

trim()去首尾空格,因为传的数据不到容量就会是空白,超过容量也接收不了

public class Client01 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//注意:7070表示的是自己的端口号,不是对方的端口号
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7070);

//1.向客户端2发送数据
byte[] buf = "小桥流水人家".getBytes();
DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(buf , 0, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 8080);
socket.send(p);

//4.接受来自客户端1的数据
buf = new byte[1024];
p = new DatagramPacket(buf , buf.length);
socket.receive(p);
System.out.println(new String(buf).trim());

socket.close();
}
}
public class Client02 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8080);

//2.接受来自客户端1的数据
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(buf , buf.length);
socket.receive(p);
System.out.println(new String(buf).trim());

//3.向客户端2发送数据
buf = "古道西风瘦马".getBytes();
p = new DatagramPacket(buf , 0, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 7070);
socket.send(p);

socket.close();
}
}

单聊

客户端之间发送消息

public class Client01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7070);

new ReceiveThread(socket).start();
new SendThread("奇男子", "127.0.0.1", 8080, socket).start();
}
}
public class Client02 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8080);

new ReceiveThread(socket).start();
new SendThread("小小", "127.0.0.1", 7070, socket).start();
}
}

添加一个发送线程、一个接收线程

public class SendThread extends Thread{

private String nickName;
private String ip;
private int port;
private DatagramSocket socket;

public SendThread(String nickName, String ip, int port, DatagramSocket socket) {
this.nickName = nickName;
this.ip = ip;
this.port = port;
this.socket = socket;
}

@Override
public void run() {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true){
byte[] buf = (nickName + ":" + scan.next()).getBytes();
try {
DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName(ip), port);
socket.send(p);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

}
public class ReceiveThread extends Thread{

private DatagramSocket socket;

public ReceiveThread(DatagramSocket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}

@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(buf , buf.length);
try {
socket.receive(p);
System.out.println(new String(buf).trim());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}
}

TCP vs UDP

TCPUDP
是否连接面向连接无面向连接
传输可靠性可靠不可靠
应用场合传输大量数据少量数据
速度

UDP — 发短信

TCP — 打电话

HTTP

查询淘宝商品

需求:获取淘宝商品周边类别
市面上服务器一般都默认为utf-8,设置编码格式,解决乱码

public class Test01 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

String path = "https://suggest.taobao.com/sug?code=utf-8&q=%E8%80%90%E5%85%8B&callback=cb";

//创建链接对象
URL url = new URL(path);
//获取连接对象
        //玩的是他的子类,父类为抽象类
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

//设置参数
connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);//设置连接超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(5000);//设置读取数据超时时间
connection.setDoInput(true);//设置是否允许使用输入流
connection.setDoOutput(true);//设置是否允许使用输出流

//获取响应状态码
int code = connection.getResponseCode();
if(code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(),"UTF-8"));
char[] cs = new char[1024];
int len;
while((len = br.read(cs)) != -1){
System.out.println(new String(cs, 0, len));
}


}else if(code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND){
System.out.println("页面未找到");
}

}
}

下载图片

更改流即可【不同数据源用不同的流即可】

public class Test02 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

String path = "https://wx2.sinaimg.cn/mw690/e2438f6cly1hoo3qpm7vrj21111jk4mn.jpg";

//创建链接对象
URL url = new URL(path);
//获取连接对象
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

//设置参数
connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);//设置连接超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(5000);//设置读取数据超时时间
connection.setDoInput(true);//设置是否允许使用输入流
connection.setDoOutput(true);//设置是否允许使用输出流

//获取响应状态码
int code = connection.getResponseCode();
if(code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){

BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("金智媛.jpg"));
byte[] bs = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = bis.read(bs)) != -1){
bos.write(bs, 0, len);
}

bis.close();
bos.close();

}else if(code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND){
System.out.println("页面未找到");
}

}
}

所需学习类

DatagramPacket —此类表示数据报包

DatagramSocket —此类用来发送和接受数据报包的套接字

SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress() 返回此套接字绑定的端点的地 址,如果尚未绑定则返回 null

Voidsend(DatagramPacket p) 从此套接字发送数据报包。

Voidreceive(DatagramPacket p) 从此套接字接收数据报包。

SocketAddress —抽象类,IP+端口号

总结

1.网络编程
1.1 InetAddress
1.2 TCP
传输文件
单聊、优化单聊
群聊
三次握手、四次挥手
1.3 UDP
单聊
TCP vs UDP
1.4 HTTP
查询淘宝商品
下载图片


原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/gangain/article/details/137753732

免责声明:本站文章内容转载自网络资源,如本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系本站删除。更多内容请关注自学内容网(zxcms.com)!