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spring(二)

一、为对象类型属性赋值

方式一:(引用外部bean)

        1.创建班级类Clazz

package com.spring.bean
    
public class Clazz {

    private Integer clazzId;

    private String clazzName;

    public Integer getClazzId() {
        return clazzId;
    }

    public void setClazzId(Integer clazzId) {
        this.clazzId = clazzId;
    }

    public String getClazzName() {
        return clazzName;
    }

    public void setClazzName(String clazzName) {
        this.clazzName = clazzName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Clazz{" +
                "clazzId=" + clazzId +
                ", clazzName='" + clazzName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Clazz() {
    }

    public Clazz(Integer clazzId, String clazzName) {
        this.clazzId = clazzId;
        this.clazzName = clazzName;
    }
}

        2.修改Student类

//在Student类中添加以下代码:
private Clazz clazz;

public Clazz getClazz() {
return clazz;
}

public void setClazz(Clazz clazz) {
this.clazz = clazz;
}

        3.引用外部bean:

//配置Clazz类型的bean
<bean id="clazzOne" class="com.spring.bean.Clazz">
    <property name="clazzId" value="001"></property>
    <property name="clazzName" value="一般班"></property>
</bean>

//为Student中的clazz属性赋值
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.spring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="李寒衣"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
</bean>

方式二:(内部bean)

<bean id="studentFour" class="com.spring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <property name="clazz">
        <!-- 在一个bean中再声明一个bean就是内部bean -->
        <!-- 内部bean只能用于给属性赋值,不能在外部通过IOC容器获取,因此可以省略id属性 -->
        <bean id="clazzInner" class="com.spring.bean.Clazz">
            <property name="clazzId" value="002"></property>
            <property name="clazzName" value="无心班"></property>
        </bean>
    </property>
</bean>

 方式三:(级联属性赋值)

<bean id="studentFour" class="com.spring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
    <property name="clazz.clazzId" value="003"></property>
    <property name="clazz.clazzName" value="天下第一班"></property>
</bean>

二、为数组类型属性赋值

1.在Student类中添加以下代码:

private String[] hobbies;

public String[] getHobbies() {
    return hobbies;
}

public void setHobbies(String[] hobbies) {
    this.hobbies = hobbies;
}

2.配置bean:

<bean id="studentFour" class="com.spring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
    <property name="hobbies">
        <array>
            <value>抽烟</value>
            <value>喝酒</value>
            <value>烫头</value>
        </array>
    </property>
</bean>

三、为集合类型属性赋值

1.在clazz中添加以下代码:

private List<Student> students;

public List<Student> getStudents() {
    return students;
}

public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
    this.students = students;
}

2.配置bean

<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.spring.bean.Clazz">
    <property name="clazzId" value="004"></property>
    <property name="clazzName" value="Javaee"></property>
    <property name="students">
        <list>
            <ref bean="studentOne"></ref>
            <ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>
            <ref bean="studentThree"></ref>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>
<!--若为Set集合类型属性赋值,只需要将其中的list标签改为set标签即可-->

四、为Map集合类型属性赋值

1.创建教师类Teacher:

package com.spring.bean;
public class Teacher {

    private Integer teacherId;

    private String teacherName;

    public Integer getTeacherId() {
        return teacherId;
    }

    public void setTeacherId(Integer teacherId) {
        this.teacherId = teacherId;
    }

    public String getTeacherName() {
        return teacherName;
    }

    public void setTeacherName(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    public Teacher(Integer teacherId, String teacherName) {
        this.teacherId = teacherId;
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    public Teacher() {

    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "teacherId=" + teacherId +
                ", teacherName='" + teacherName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.在Student类中添加以下代码:

private Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap;

public Map<String, Teacher> getTeacherMap() {
    return teacherMap;
}

public void setTeacherMap(Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap) {
    this.teacherMap = teacherMap;
}

3.配置bean:

<bean id="teacherOne" class="com.spring.bean.Teacher">
    <property name="teacherId" value="10010"></property>
    <property name="teacherName" value="沈眉庄"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="teacherTwo" class="com.atguigu.spring6.bean.Teacher">
    <property name="teacherId" value="10086"></property>
    <property name="teacherName" value="陆沉"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="studentFour" class="com.spring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="李寒衣"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
    <property name="hobbies">
        <array>
            <value>抽烟</value>
            <value>喝酒</value>
            <value>烫头</value>
        </array>
    </property>
    <property name="teacherMap">
        <map>
            <entry>
                <key>
                    <value>10010</value>
                </key>
                <ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>
            </entry>
            <entry>
                <key>
                    <value>10086</value>
                </key>
                <ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>
            </entry>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

4.引用集合类型的bean

<!--list集合类型的bean-->
<util:list id="students">
    <ref bean="studentOne"></ref>
    <ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>
    <ref bean="studentThree"></ref>
</util:list>
<!--map集合类型的bean-->
<util:map id="teacherMap">
    <entry>
        <key>
            <value>10010</value>
        </key>
        <ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <key>
            <value>10086</value>
        </key>
        <ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>
    </entry>
</util:map>
<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.spring.bean.Clazz">
    <property name="clazzId" value="004"></property>
    <property name="clazzName" value="Javaee"></property>
    <property name="students" ref="students"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.pring.bean.Student">
    <property name="id" value="004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="李寒衣"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
    <property name="hobbies">
        <array>
            <value>抽烟</value>
            <value>喝酒</value>
            <value>烫头</value>
        </array>
    </property>
    <property name="teacherMap" ref="teacherMap"></property>
</bean>

使用util:list、util:map标签必须引入相应的命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

五、p命名空间

引入p命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

引入p命名空间后,可以通过以下方式为bean的各个属性赋值

<bean id="studentSix" class="com.spring.bean.Student"
    p:id="006" p:name="小明" p:clazz-ref="clazzOne" p:teacherMap-ref="teacherMap"></bean>

六、引入外部属性文件

1.加入依赖

<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.30</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.15</version>
</dependency>

2.创建外部属性文件

<!--properties-->
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

3.引入属性文件

<!--xml-->
<!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

4.配置bean

<bean id="druidDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>

5.测试

@Test
public void testDataSource() throws SQLException {
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-datasource.xml");
    DataSource dataSource = ac.getBean(DataSource.class);
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
}

七、bean的作用域

取值含义创建对象的时机
singleton(默认)在IOC容器中,这个bean的对象始终为单实例IOC容器初始化时
prototype这个bean在IOC容器中有多个实例获取bean

如果是在WebApplicationContext环境下还会有另外几个作用域(但不常用):

取值含义
request在一个请求范围内有效
session在一个会话范围内有效

1、创建类User

package com.spring.bean;
public class User {

    private Integer id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private Integer age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2.配置bean

<!-- scope属性:取值singleton(默认值),bean在IOC容器中只有一个实例,IOC容器初始化时创建对象 -->
<!-- scope属性:取值prototype,bean在IOC容器中可以有多个实例,getBean()时创建对象 -->
<bean class="com.spring.bean.User" scope="prototype"></bean>

3.测试

@Test
public void testBeanScope(){
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-scope.xml");
    User user1 = ac.getBean(User.class);
    User user2 = ac.getBean(User.class);
    System.out.println(user1==user2);
}

八、bean生命周期

1.具体生命周期过程

  • bean对象创建
  • 给bean对象设置属性
  • bean的后置处理器(初始化之前)
  • bean对象初始化(需要在配置bean时指定初始化方法)
  • bean的后置处理器(bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口,且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容器中所有bean都会执行)
  • bean对象就绪可以使用
  • bean对象销毁
  • IOC容器关闭

九、FactoryBean

        FactoryBean是Spring提供的一种整合第三方框架的常用机制。和普通bean不同,配置一个FactoryBean类型的bean,在获取bean的时候得到的并不是class属性中配置的这个类的对象,而是getObject()方法的返回值。通过这种机制,Spring可以帮我们把复杂组件创建的详细过程和繁琐细节都屏蔽起来,只把最简洁的使用界面展示给我们。

        将来我们整合Mybatis时,Spring就是通过FactoryBean机制来帮我们创建SqlSessionFactory对象的。

1.创建类UserFactoryBean

package com.spring.bean;
public class UserFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<User> {
    @Override
    public User getObject() throws Exception {
        return new User();
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return User.class;
    }
}

2.配置bean

<bean id="user" class="com.spring.bean.UserFactoryBean"></bean>

3.测试

@Test
public void testUserFactoryBean(){
    //获取IOC容器
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-factorybean.xml");
    User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
    System.out.println(user);
}

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73975059/article/details/140613132

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