【一文读懂】C#如何实现通用的排序功能
目录
本篇文章来分享一下C#如何实现通用的排序功能。在项目中经常会使用到排序的方法，那如何使排序方法更加通用呢？可以通过泛型，接口，委托来实现。
通用排序功能
1.升序
为了方便理解，从基本数据类型（int）进行分析，以冒泡排序为例
/// <summary>
/// 整型数组升序排序(冒泡排序)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array">数组</param>
public static void OrderByInt(int[] array)
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; j++)
{
if (array[i] > array[j])
{
int temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}如果也要对字符串（string）进行比较，那就可以使用比较方法CompareTo
/// <summary>
/// 整型数组升序排序(冒泡排序)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array">数组</param>
public static void OrderByInt(int[] array)
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; j++)
{
if (array[i].CompareTo(array[j]) > 0)
{
int temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// string数组升序排序(冒泡排序)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="array">数组</param>
public static void OrderByString(String[] array)
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; j++)
{
if (array[i].CompareTo(array[j]) > 0)
{
String temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}要想更加适用，就可以使用泛型，并使用接口约束，只要提供了比较方法的的类型，就可以进行排序
/// <summary>
/// 任何数据类型数组升序排序(冒泡排序)
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数组</param>
public static void OrderByType<T>(T[] array) where T : IComparable<T>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; j++)
{
if (array[i].CompareTo(array[j]) > 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}那如果要进行排序的类型是复合数据类型，想要按照该类型指定的属性进行排序，该怎么处理呢？我们可以通过接口来实现属性的比较方法。Student类有一个默认字段（Id）的排序方法，若还想通过Age进行排序，可以通过比较器来实现
/// <summary>
/// 任何数据类型数组，按照该类型指定的属性进行升序排序(冒泡排序)
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数组</param>
/// <param name="comparer">比较器</param>
public static void OrderByTypeAndProperty<T>(T[] array, IComparer<T> comparer) where T : IComparable<T>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; j++)
{
if (comparer.Compare(array[i], array[j]) > 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
public class Student : IComparable<Student>
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public int CompareTo(Student obj)
{
return Id.CompareTo(obj.Id);
}
}
public class AgeComparer : IComparer<Student>
{
public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
{
return x.Age.CompareTo(y.Age);
}
}此时发现使用接口时，如果要排序的属性不同，则要实现多个方法，代码不够简洁，也不便于维护，而委托就解决了这些问题，注意委托定义在类外
/// <summary>
/// 选择委托
/// 返回数据类型T的属性Tkey的值
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <returns>选择的属性</returns>
public delegate TKey SelectHandler<T, TKey>(T t);//注意是写在类外
/// <summary>
/// 使用委托对任何数据类型数组进行升序排序
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数据类型T的数组</param>
/// <param name="selectHandler">选择委托的对象</param>
public static void OrderBy<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; ++j)
{
//将委托已经取得数据类型的属性的进行比较
if (selectHandler(array[i]).CompareTo(selectHandler(array[j])) > 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}2.降序
降序排序同理
/// <summary>
/// 使用委托对任何数据类型数组进行降序排序
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数据类型T的数组</param>
/// <param name="selectHandler">选择委托的对象</param>
public static void OrderByDescending<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; ++j)
{
//将委托已经取得数据类型的属性的进行比较
if (selectHandler(array[i]).CompareTo(selectHandler(array[j])) < 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}测试
1.测试代码
using System;
using UnityEngine;
namespace SortTest
{
/// <summary>
/// 选择委托
/// 返回数据类型T的属性Tkey的值
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <returns>选择的属性</returns>
public delegate TKey SelectHandler<T, TKey>(T t);//注意是写在类外
public class SortTest : MonoBehaviour
{
private void Start()
{
//int[]
int[] intArray = { 4, 1, 5, 0 };
SortTestByType(intArray,(value)=> { return value; });
//string[]
string[] stringArray = { "2","a","ab","hello","0" };
SortTestByType(stringArray, (value) => { return value; });
//Student[]
Student[] studentArray =
{
new Student(){ Id=1001,Name="张三",Age=20 },
new Student(){ Id=1003,Name="李四",Age=18 },
new Student(){ Id=1002,Name="赵六",Age=21 },
new Student(){ Id=1000,Name="王五",Age=19 }
};
SortTestByType(studentArray, (studentArray) => { return studentArray.Id; });
SortTestByType(studentArray, (studentArray) => { return studentArray.Name; });
SortTestByType(studentArray, (studentArray) => { return studentArray.Age; });
}
private void SortTestByType<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
Debug.Log(array.GetType()+"测试：");
OrderBy(array, selectHandler);
PrintSortedArray(array, selectHandler);
OrderByDescending(array, selectHandler);
PrintSortedArray(array, selectHandler);
}
private void PrintSortedArray<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
string sortedStr="";
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
sortedStr += selectHandler(array[i]).ToString()+" ";
}
Debug.Log(sortedStr);
}
/// <summary>
/// 使用委托对任何数据类型数组进行升序排序
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数据类型T的数组</param>
/// <param name="selectHandler">选择委托的对象</param>
public static void OrderBy<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; ++j)
{
//将委托已经取得数据类型的属性的进行比较
if (selectHandler(array[i]).CompareTo(selectHandler(array[j])) > 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 使用委托对任何数据类型数组进行降序排序
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="Tkey">数据类型T的字段</typeparam>
/// <param name="array">数据类型T的数组</param>
/// <param name="selectHandler">选择委托的对象</param>
public static void OrderByDescending<T, Tkey>(T[] array, SelectHandler<T, Tkey> selectHandler)
where Tkey : IComparable<Tkey>
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; ++i)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.Length; ++j)
{
//将委托已经取得数据类型的属性的进行比较
if (selectHandler(array[i]).CompareTo(selectHandler(array[j])) < 0)
{
T temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
}
public class Student
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
}
}2.测试结果
好了，今天的分享到这里就结束啦，希望对你有所帮助~
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/grapefruit_lyy/article/details/142560311
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