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SpringBoot使用TraceId日志链路追踪

项目场景:

  有时候一个业务调用链场景,很长,调了各种各样的方法,看日志的时候,各个接口的日志穿插,确实让人头大。为了解决这个痛点,就使用了TraceId,根据TraceId关键字进入服务器查询日志中是否有这个TraceId,这样就把同一次的业务调用链上的日志串起来了。


实现步骤

1、pom.xml 依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--lombok配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.10</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2、整合logback,打印日志,logback-spring.xml (简单配置下)

关键代码:[traceId:%X{traceId}],traceId是通过拦截器里MDC.put(traceId, tid)添加

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false">
    <!--日志存储路径-->
    <property name="log" value="D:/test/log" />
    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <!--输出格式化-->
            <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 按天生成日志文件 -->
    <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--日志文件名-->
            <FileNamePattern>${log}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
            <!--保留天数-->
            <MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <!--日志文件最大的大小-->
        <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
            <MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize>
        </triggeringPolicy>
    </appender>
 
    <!-- 日志输出级别 -->
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="console" />
        <appender-ref ref="file" />
    </root>
</configuration>

3、application.yml

server:
  port: 8826
logging:
  config: classpath:logback-spring.xml

4、自定义日志拦截器 LogInterceptor.java 

用途:每一次链路,线程维度,添加最终的链路ID traceId。

MDC(Mapped Diagnostic Context)诊断上下文映射,是@Slf4j提供的一个支持动态打印日志信息的工具。

import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.UUID;
 
/**
 * 日志拦截器
 */
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 
    private static final String traceId = "traceId";
 
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        String tid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
        //可以考虑让客户端传入链路ID,但需保证一定的复杂度唯一性;如果没使用默认UUID自动生成
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(request.getHeader("traceId"))){
            tid=request.getHeader("traceId");
        }
        MDC.put(traceId, tid);
        return true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                                @Nullable Exception ex) {
        // 请求处理完成后,清除MDC中的traceId,以免造成内存泄漏
        MDC.remove(traceId);
    }
 
}

 5、WebConfigurerAdapter.java 添加拦截器

 ps: 其实这个拦截的部分改为使用自定义注解+aop也是很灵活的。

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
 

@Configuration
public class WebConfigurerAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Resource
private LogInterceptor logInterceptor;

@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(logInterceptor);
//可以具体制定哪些需要拦截,哪些不拦截,其实也可以使用自定义注解更灵活完成
//                .addPathPatterns("/**")
//                .excludePathPatterns("/testxx.html");
}
}

 6、测试接口

import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Api(tags = "测试接口")
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {


@RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "测试日志")
public String sign() {
log.info("这是一行info日志");
log.error("这是一行error日志");
return "success";
}
}

结果:


异步场景:

        使用线程的场景,写一个异步线程,加入这个调用里面。再次执行看开效果,我们会发现显然子线程丢失了trackId。

        所以我们需要针对子线程使用情形,做调整,思路:将父线程的trackId传递下去给子线程即可。

1、 ThreadMdcUtil.java

import org.slf4j.MDC;
 
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 
/**
 * @Author: JCccc
 * @Date: 2022-5-30 11:14
 * @Description:
 */
public final class ThreadMdcUtil {
    private static final String TRACE_ID = "TRACE_ID";
 
    // 获取唯一性标识
    public static String generateTraceId() {
        return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }
 
    public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() {
        if (MDC.get(TRACE_ID) == null) {
            MDC.put(TRACE_ID, generateTraceId());
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 用于父线程向线程池中提交任务时,将自身MDC中的数据复制给子线程
     *
     * @param callable
     * @param context
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> Callable<T> wrap(final Callable<T> callable, final Map<String, String> context) {
        return () -> {
            if (context == null) {
                MDC.clear();
            } else {
                MDC.setContextMap(context);
            }
            setTraceIdIfAbsent();
            try {
                return callable.call();
            } finally {
                MDC.clear();
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * 用于父线程向线程池中提交任务时,将自身MDC中的数据复制给子线程
     *
     * @param runnable
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, String> context) {
        return () -> {
            if (context == null) {
                MDC.clear();
            } else {
                MDC.setContextMap(context);
            }
            setTraceIdIfAbsent();
            try {
                runnable.run();
            } finally {
                MDC.clear();
            }
        };
    }
}

2、 MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor.java 是我们自己写的,重写了一些方法

import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
 
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 

public final class MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor  extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  {
    public MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor() {
        super();
    }
    
    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task) {
        super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }
 
    @Override
    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
    }
}

3、 ThreadPoolConfig.java 定义线程池,交给spring管理

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
    /**
     * 声明一个线程池
     */
    @Bean("taskExecutor")
    public Executor taskExecutor() {
        MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        //核心线程数5:线程池创建时候初始化的线程数
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        //最大线程数5:线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后才会申请超过核心线程数的线程
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);
        //缓冲队列500:用来缓冲执行任务的队列
        executor.setQueueCapacity(500);
        //允许线程的空闲时间60秒:当超过了核心线程出之外的线程在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
        //线程池名的前缀:设置好了之后可以方便我们定位处理任务所在的线程池
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-");
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

4、 Service

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * 测试Service
 */
@Service("testService")
@Slf4j
public class TestService {

/**
 * 异步操作测试
 */
@Async("taskExecutor")
public void asyncTest() {
try {
log.info("模拟异步开始......");
Thread.sleep(3000);
log.info("模拟异步结束......");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("异步操作出错:"+e);
}

}

}

5、测试接口

import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Api(tags = "测试接口")
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {

@Resource
private TestService testService;

@RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "测试日志")
public String sign() {
log.info("这是一行info日志");
log.error("这是一行error日志");

//异步操作测试
testService.asyncTest();
return "success";
}
}

 结果:

我们可以看到,子线程的日志也被串起来了。


总结:

服务启动的时候traceId是空的,这是正常的,因为还没到拦截器这一层。 

源码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u011974797/89981672 

API 说明
  • clear() => 移除所有 MDC
  • get (String key) => 获取当前线程 MDC 中指定 key 的值
  • getContext() => 获取当前线程 MDC 的 MDC
  • put(String key, Object o) => 往当前线程的 MDC 中存入指定的键值对
  • remove(String key) => 删除当前线程 MDC 中指定的键值对

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/u011974797/article/details/143682368

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