scrapy 爬虫：多线程爬取去微博热搜排行榜数据信息，进入详情页面拿取第一条微博信息，保存到本地text文件、保存到excel
如果想要保存到excel中可以看我的这个爬虫
使用Scrapy 框架开启多进程爬取贝壳网数据保存到excel文件中，包括分页数据、详情页数据，新手保护期快来看！！仅供学习参考，别乱搞_爬取贝壳成交数据c端用户登录-CSDN博客
最终数据展示 
QuotesSpider 爬虫程序
import scrapy
import re
from weibo_top.items import WeiboTopItem
class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "weibo_top"
allowed_domains = ['s.weibo.com']
def start_requests(self):
yield scrapy.Request(url="https://s.weibo.com/top/summary?cate=realtimehot")
def parse(self, response, **kwargs):
trs = response.css('#pl_top_realtimehot > table > tbody > tr')
count = 0
for tr in trs:
if count >= 30: # 获取前3条数据
break # 停止处理后续数据
item = WeiboTopItem()
title = tr.css('.td-02 a::text').get()
link = 'https://s.weibo.com/' + tr.css('.td-02 a::attr(href)').get()
item['title'] = title
item['link'] = link
if link:
count += 1 # 增加计数器
yield scrapy.Request(url=link, callback=self.parse_detail, meta={'item': item})
else:
yield item
def parse_detail(self, response, **kwargs):
item = response.meta['item']
list_items = response.css('div.card-wrap[action-type="feed_list_item"]')
limit = 0
for li in list_items:
if limit >= 1:
break # 停止处理后续数据
else:
content = li.xpath('.//p[@class="txt"]/text()').getall()
processed_content = [re.sub(r'[^\u4e00-\u9fa5a-zA-Z0-9【】,]', '', text) for text in content]
processed_content = [text.strip() for text in processed_content if text.strip()]
processed_content = ','.join(processed_content).replace('【,','【')
item['desc'] = processed_content
print(processed_content)
yield item
limit += 1 # 增加计数器
item 定义数据结构
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class WeiboTopItem(scrapy.Item):
title = scrapy.Field() # '名称'
link = scrapy.Field() # '详情地址'
desc = scrapy.Field() # 'desc'
pass
中间件 设置cookie\User-Agent\Host
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
class WeiboTopSpiderMiddleware:
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
# Called for each response that goes through the spider
# middleware and into the spider.
# Should return None or raise an exception.
return None
def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
# it has processed the response.
# Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.
for i in result:
yield i
def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
# Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.
pass
def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
# that it doesn’t have a response associated.
# Must return only requests (not items).
for r in start_requests:
yield r
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info("Spider opened: %s" % spider.name)
class WeiboTopDownloaderMiddleware:
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
def __init__(self):
self.cookie_string = "SUB=_2AkMS10-nf8NxqwFRmfoXyG3jaoxxygHEieKki758JRMxHRl-yT9vqhIrtRB6OVdhSYUGwRsrtuQyFPy_aLfaay7wguyu; SUBP=0033WrSXqPxfM72-Ws9jqgMF55529P9D9WhBJpfihr9Mo_TDhk.fIHFo; _s_tentry=www.baidu.com; UOR=www.baidu.com,s.weibo.com,www.baidu.com; Apache=5259811159487.941.1709629772294; SINAGLOBAL=5259811159487.941.1709629772294; ULV=1709629772313:1:1:1:5259811159487.941.1709629772294:"
# self.referer = "https://sh.ke.com/chengjiao/"
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_request(self, request, spider):
cookie_dict = self.get_cookie()
request.cookies = cookie_dict
request.headers['User-Agent'] = UserAgent().random
request.headers['Host'] = 's.weibo.com'
# request.headers["referer"] = self.referer
return None
def get_cookie(self):
cookie_dict = {}
for kv in self.cookie_string.split(";"):
k = kv.split('=')[0]
v = kv.split('=')[1]
cookie_dict[k] = v
return cookie_dict
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# Called with the response returned from the downloader.
# Must either;
# - return a Response object
# - return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest
return response
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
# Called when a download handler or a process_request()
# (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this exception
# - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
# - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
pass
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info("Spider opened: %s" % spider.name)
管道 数据保存到记事本
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
class WeiboTopPipeline:
def __init__(self):
self.items = []
def process_item(self, item, spider):
# 将item添加到列表中
self.items.append(item)
print('\n\nitem',item)
return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
# 打开文件，将所有items写入文件
with open('weibo_top_data.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
for item in self.items:
title = item.get('title', '')
desc = item.get('desc', '')
output_string = f'{title}\n{desc}\n\n'
file.write(output_string)settings 配置多线程、延迟
# Scrapy settings for weibo_top project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = "weibo_top"
SPIDER_MODULES = ["weibo_top.spiders"]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = "weibo_top.spiders"
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = "weibo_top (+http://www.yourdomain.com)"
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 8
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
# "Accept-Language": "en",
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# "weibo_top.middlewares.WeiboTopSpiderMiddleware": 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
"weibo_top.middlewares.WeiboTopDownloaderMiddleware": 543,
}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# "scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
"weibo_top.pipelines.WeiboTopPipeline": 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 80
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 160
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = "httpcache"
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = "scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage"
# Set settings whose default value is deprecated to a future-proof value
REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION = "2.7"
TWISTED_REACTOR = "twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor"
FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/SAXX2/article/details/136511679
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