kubernets部署prometheus监控
目录
一、Prometheus简介
Prometheus是一个开源的服务监控系统和时序数据库
其提供了通用的数据模型和快捷数据采集、存储和查询接口
它的核心组件Prometheus服务器定期从静态配置的监控目标或者基于服务发现自动配置的目标中进行拉取数据
新拉取到的数据大于配置的内存缓存区时，数据就会持久化到存储设备当中
Prometheus架构
组件功能
-
监控代理程序：如node_exporter：收集主机的指标数据，如平均负载、CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等等多个维度的指标数据。
-
kubelet（cAdvisor）：收集容器指标数据，也是K8S的核心指标收集，每个容器的相关指标数据包括：CPU使用率、限额、文件系统读写限额、内存使用率和限额、网络报文发送、接收、丢弃速率等等。
-
API Server：收集API Server的性能指标数据，包括控制队列的性能、请求速率和延迟时长等等
-
etcd：收集etcd存储集群的相关指标数据
-
kube-state-metrics：该组件可以派生出k8s相关的多个指标数据，主要是资源类型相关的计数器和元数据信息，包括制定类型的对象总数、资源限额、容器状态以及Pod资源标签系列等。
-
每个被监控的主机都可以通过专用的
exporter程序提供输出监控数据的接口，并等待Prometheus服务器周期性的进行数据抓取 -
如果存在告警规则，则抓取到数据之后会根据规则进行计算，满足告警条件则会生成告警，并发送到
Alertmanager完成告警的汇总和分发 -
当被监控的目标有主动推送数据的需求时，可以以
Pushgateway组件进行接收并临时存储数据，然后等待Prometheus服务器完成数据的采集 -
任何被监控的目标都需要事先纳入到监控系统中才能进行时序数据采集、存储、告警和展示
-
监控目标可以通过配置信息以静态形式指定，也可以让Prometheus通过服务发现的机制进行动态管理
二、在k8s中部署Prometheus
1、下载部署Prometheus所需资源
#在helm中添加Prometheus仓库
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd helm/
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts
"prometheus-community" has been added to your repositories
#下载Prometheus项目
[root@k8s-master helm]# helm pull prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack
[root@k8s-master helm]# ls
helm-push_0.10.4_linux_amd64.tar.gz linux-amd64 nginx-18.1.15.tgz zx-0.2.0.tgz
helm-v3.15.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz nginx zx
kube-prometheus-stack-62.7.0.tgz nginx-1.27.1-debian-12-r2.tar zx-0.1.0.tgz
#解压项目包
[root@k8s-master helm]# tar zxf kube-prometheus-stack-62.7.0.tgz
[root@k8s-master helm]# cd kube-prometheus-stack/
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# ls
Chart.lock charts Chart.yaml CONTRIBUTING.md README.md templates values.yaml
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# vim values.yaml
227 imageRegistry: "reg.zx.org"
#根据所有项目中的values.yaml中指定的image路径下载容器镜像并上传至harbor仓库
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker load -i prometheus-62.6.0.tar
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.54.1 reg.zx.org/prometheus/prometheus:v2.54.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/thanos/thanos:v0.36.1 reg.zx.org/thanos/thanos:v0.36.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.27.0 reg.zx.org/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.27.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus-operator/admission-webhook:v0.76.1 reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/admission-webhook:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v20221220-controller-v1.5.1-58-g787ea74b6 reg.zx.org/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v20221220-controller-v1.5.1-58-g787ea74b6
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator:v0.76.1 reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus-operator/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.76.1 reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus/prometheus:v2.54.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/thanos/thanos:v0.36.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.27.0
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/admission-webhook:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v20221220-controller-v1.5.1-58-g787ea74b6
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus-operator/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.76.1
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# cd charts/
[root@k8s-master charts]# cd grafana/
[root@k8s-master grafana]# ls
Chart.yaml ci dashboards README.md templates values.yaml
[root@k8s-master grafana]# vim values.yaml
"""
1 global:
2 # -- Overrides the Docker registry globally for all images
3 imageRegistry: "reg.zx.org" # 修改
414 image:
415 # -- The Docker registry
416 registry: docker.io
417 repository: library/busyboxplus
418 tag: "latest"
"""
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker load -i grafana-11.2.0.tar
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag grafana/grafana:11.2.0 reg.zx.org/grafana/grafana:11.2.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/kiwigrid/k8s-sidecar:1.27.4 reg.zx.org/kiwigrid/k8s-sidecar:1.27.4
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag grafana/grafana-image-renderer:latest reg.zx.org/grafana/grafana-image-renderer:latest
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag bats/bats:v1.4.1 reg.zx.org/bats/bats:v1.4.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/bats/bats:v1.4.1
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/grafana/grafana:11.2.0
[root@k8s-master grafana]# docker push reg.zx.org/kiwigrid/k8s-sidecar:1.27.4
[root@k8s-master grafana]# docker push reg.zx.org/grafana/grafana-image-renderer:latest
[root@k8s-master charts]# cd kube-state-metrics/
[root@k8s-master kube-state-metrics]# vim values.yaml
3 image:
4 registry: reg.zx.org
29 imageRegistry: "reg.zx.org"
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker load -i kube-state-metrics-2.13.0.tar
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag registry.k8s.io/kube-state-metrics/kube-state-metrics:v2.13.0 reg.zx.org/kube-state-metrics/kube-state-metrics:v2.13.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0 reg.zx.org/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/kube-state-metrics/kube-state-metrics:v2.13.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# cd kube-prometheus-stack/
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# cd charts/
[root@k8s-master charts]# cd prometheus-node-exporter/
[root@k8s-master prometheus-node-exporter]# vim values.yaml
4 image:
5 registry: reg.zx.org
36 imageRegistry: "reg.zx.org"
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker load -i node-exporter-1.8.2.tar
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter:v1.8.2 reg.zx.org/prometheus/node-exporter:v1.8.2
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker tag quay.io/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0 reg.zx.org/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/prometheus/node-exporter:v1.8.2
[root@k8s-master helm]# docker push reg.zx.org/brancz/kube-rbac-proxy:v0.18.0
#利用helm安装Prometheus
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# kubectl create namespace kube-prometheus-stack
namespace/kube-prometheus-stack created
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# helm -n kube-prometheus-stack install kube-prometheus-stack .
#查看所有pod是否运行
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# kubectl --namespace kube-prometheus-stack get pods
#查看svc
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack get svc
#修改暴漏方式——“type: LoadBalancer”
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack edit svc kube-prometheus-stack-grafana
[root@k8s-master kube-prometheus-stack]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack edit svc kube-prometheus-stack-prometheus
各个svc的作用
alertmanager-operated 告警管理
kube-prometheus-stack-grafana 展示prometheus采集到的指标
kube-prometheus-stack-prometheus-node-exporter 收集节点级别的指标的工具
kube-prometheus-stack-prometheus 主程
2、登录grafana
[root@k8s-master helm]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack get secrets kube-prometheus-stack-grafana -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
admin-password: cHJvbS1vcGVyYXRvcg==
admin-user: YWRtaW4=
ldap-toml: ""
kind: Secret
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: kube-prometheus-stack
meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: kube-prometheus-stack
creationTimestamp: "2024-09-21T11:12:48Z"
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: kube-prometheus-stack
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/name: grafana
app.kubernetes.io/version: 11.2.0
helm.sh/chart: grafana-8.5.1
name: kube-prometheus-stack-grafana
namespace: kube-prometheus-stack
resourceVersion: "5292"
uid: 23028e9c-7b0a-4a78-94a4-5eedbad313ac
type: Opaque
[root@k8s-master helm]# echo -n "cHJvbS1vcGVyYXRvcg==" | base64 -d
prom-operator
[root@k8s-master helm]# echo "YWRtaW4=" | base64 -d
admin
k8s中的微服务-CSDN博客:metalLB———为LoadBalancer分配vip
3、导入面板
4、访问Prometheus主程序
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack get svc kube-prometheus-stack-prometheus
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kube-prometheus-stack-prometheus LoadBalancer 10.110.149.210 172.25.254.50 9090:32154/TCP,8080:30562/TCP 102m
三、监控使用示例
1、建立监控项目
# 下载示例所需helm项目
[root@k8s-master ~]# helm pull bitnami/nginx --version 18.1.11
[root@k8s-master ~]# tar zxf nginx-18.1.11.tgz
[root@k8s-master ~]# docker load -i nginx-exporter-1.3.0-debian-12-r2.tar
[root@k8s-master ~]# docker push reg.zx.org/bitnami/nginx-exporter:1.3.0-debian-12-r2
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd nginx/
[root@k8s-master nginx]# vim values.yaml # 修改项目开启监控
13 imageRegistry: "reg.zx.org"
925 metrics:
926 ## @param metrics.enabled Start a Prometheus exporter sidecar container
927 ##
928 enabled: true # 修改
1015 serviceMonitor:
1016 ## @param metrics.serviceMonitor.enabled Creates a Prometheus Operator ServiceMonitor (also requires `metrics.enabl ed` to be `true`)
1017 ##
1018 enabled: true # 修改
1019 ## @param metrics.serviceMonitor.namespace Namespace in which Prometheus is running
1020 ##
1021 namespace: "kube-prometheus-stack" # 修改
[root@k8s-master nginx]# helm install zx .
[root@k8s-master nginx]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
zx-nginx-6f4fb4d585-6mjvj 2/2 Running 0 72s
[root@k8s-master nginx]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 160m
testpod LoadBalancer 10.102.151.211 172.25.254.52 80:31865/TCP 49m
zx-nginx LoadBalancer 10.103.78.231 172.25.254.53 80:30671/TCP,443:32701/TCP,9113:32403/TCP 113s
[root@k8s-master nginx]# curl 172.25.254.53
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl -n kube-prometheus-stack get servicemonitors.monitoring.coreos.com --show-labels
# 压力测试
[root@k8s-master nginx]# ab -c 5 -n 100 http://172.25.254.53/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1879490 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 172.25.254.53 (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx
Server Hostname: 172.25.254.53
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.html
Document Length: 615 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 0.446 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 87000 bytes
HTML transferred: 61500 bytes
Requests per second: 224.19 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 22.302 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 4.460 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 190.47 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 1 8 8.5 3 40
Processing: 2 13 11.2 10 51
Waiting: 1 13 11.2 9 50
Total: 3 21 15.1 21 72
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 21
66% 26
75% 32
80% 34
90% 42
95% 47
98% 64
99% 72
100% 72 (longest request)
2、监控调整
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_68256171/article/details/142419846
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