Python环境下基于机器学习的空压机故障识别（出口阀泄漏等）
Python环境下基于机器学习（多层感知机，决策树，随机森林，高斯过程，AdaBoost，朴素贝叶斯）的压缩机故障识别（出口阀泄漏，止逆阀泄露，轴承损伤，惯性轮损伤，活塞损伤，皮带损伤等）。
空压机是一种经典的动力设备,也被誉为企业产品生产的"生命气源",，广泛应用于制药工业、爆破采煤、矿上通风、风动实验等众多领域。空压机的工作机理是通过利用旋转电机的机械能对气体进行挤压，从而使得气体能够产生巨大的能量，利用充满能量的气体进行一些爆破、通风等作业，从而满足现实中的使用需求。
本项目使用声信号检测空压机的 7 种故障，分别为出口阀泄漏Leakage Outlet Valve（LOV）,入口阀泄露Leakage Inlet Valve(LIV)，止逆阀泄露Non-Return Valve(NRV)，轴承损伤Bearing，惯性轮损伤Flywheel，活塞损伤Piston，皮带损伤Riderbelt和健康状态。经过特征提取后，利用各种机器学习算法对空压机故障进行分类，试验台如下：
所测得的声信号以Flywheel为例
接下来开始步入正题，由于代码包含众多模块，为了避免篇幅过长，只写主函数。提取的特征可以选择维数是否约简，分类器也可选择是否进行参数优化（粒子群算法，pip install pyswarm），代码必要的标注都有了，也比较容易看懂。
import time
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
MaxExpNo=10
counter=-1
#标签
labels=['Bearing','Flywheel','Healthy','LIV','LOV','NRV','Piston','Riderbelt']
import PrimaryStatFeatures #特征提取模块
import FFT_Module #FFT变换
#所要提取的特征
data_columns_PrimaryStatFeatures=['Mean','Min','Max','StdDv','RMS','Skewness','Kurtosis','CrestFactor','ShapeFactor']
data_columns_Target=['Fault']
Faults={labels[0]:int(0),labels[1]:int(1),labels[2]:int(2),labels[3]:int(3),labels[4]:int(4),labels[5]:int(5),labels[6]:int(6),labels[7]:int(7)}
for label in labels:
for ExpNo in range(1,MaxExpNo+1):
counter+=1
file='Data\\'+label+'\\preprocess_Reading'+str(ExpNo)+'.txt'
X=np.loadtxt(file,delimiter=',')
if (counter%10==0): print('Lading files: ',str(counter/(len(labels)*MaxExpNo)*100),'% completed')
StatFeatures=PrimaryStatFeatures.PrimaryFeatureExtractor(X)
FFT_Features,data_columns_FFT_Features=FFT_Module.FFT_BasedFeatures(X)
data_columns=data_columns_PrimaryStatFeatures+data_columns_FFT_Features+data_columns_Target
if (label==labels[0] and ExpNo==1): data=pd.DataFrame(columns=data_columns)
StatFeatures[0].extend(FFT_Features)
StatFeatures[0].extend([Faults[label]])
df_temp=pd.DataFrame(StatFeatures,index=[counter],columns=data_columns)
data=data.append(df_temp)
input_data=data.drop(columns=['Fault'])
#数据标准化处理
#参考: http://benalexkeen.com/feature-scaling-with-scikit-learn/
from sklearn import preprocessing
normalization_status='RobustScaler'
''' Choices:
1. Normalization
2. StandardScaler
3. MinMaxScaler
4. RobustScaler
5. Normalizer
6. WithoutNormalization '''
input_data_columns=data_columns_PrimaryStatFeatures+data_columns_FFT_Features
if (normalization_status=='Normalization'):
data_array=preprocessing.normalize(input_data,norm='l2',axis=0)
input_data=pd.DataFrame(data_array,columns=input_data_columns)
elif (normalization_status=='StandardScaler'):
scaler = preprocessing.StandardScaler()
scaled_df = scaler.fit_transform(input_data)
input_data = pd.DataFrame(scaled_df, columns=input_data_columns)
elif (normalization_status=='MinMaxScaler'):
scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
scaled_df = scaler.fit_transform(input_data)
input_data = pd.DataFrame(scaled_df, columns=input_data_columns)
elif (normalization_status=='RobustScaler'):
scaler = preprocessing.RobustScaler()
scaled_df = scaler.fit_transform(input_data)
input_data = pd.DataFrame(scaled_df, columns=input_data_columns)
elif (normalization_status=='Normalizer'):
scaler = preprocessing.Normalizer()
scaled_df = scaler.fit_transform(input_data)
input_data = pd.DataFrame(scaled_df, columns=input_data_columns)
elif (normalization_status=='WithoutNormalization'):
print ('No normalization is required')
target_data=pd.DataFrame(data['Fault'],columns=['Fault'],dtype=int)
DimReductionStatus=False
if (DimReductionStatus==True):
for nComponents in range(1,110):
#降维
#主成分分析
from sklearn import decomposition
pca = decomposition.PCA(n_components=nComponents)
pca.fit(input_data)
input_data_reduced = pca.transform(input_data)
#训练集和测试集划分
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(input_data_reduced,target_data,test_size=0.3,random_state=42,stratify=target_data)
#使用 KNN（K 最近邻）训练
import KNN_Classifier
test_accuracy_max=KNN_Classifier.KNNClassifier(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
plt.figure(10)
plt.scatter(nComponents,test_accuracy_max)
plt.xlabel('Number of utilized components based on PCA')
plt.ylabel('Test Accuracy')
#使用 SVC（支持向量分类器）进行训练
import SVC_Classifier
test_accuracy_max=SVC_Classifier.SVCClassifier(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
plt.figure(11)
plt.scatter(nComponents,test_accuracy_max)
else:
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(input_data,target_data,test_size=0.3,random_state=42,stratify=target_data)
#使用决策树进行训练
import DT_Classifier
DT_Classifier.DTClassifier(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.gaussian_process import GaussianProcessClassifier
from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import RBF
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, AdaBoostClassifier
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis
#写入最佳分类器参数
file1 = open('Optimized Parameters for Classifiers.txt','w')
print('\nThis file contains the output optimized parameters for different classifiers\n\n\n',file=file1)
#分类器参数优化
#*************************************
SVMOptStatus=True
KNNOptStatus=True
MLPOptStatus=True
DTOptStatus=True
import CLFOptimizer
#pip install pyswarm
#优化 SVC 参数
if (SVMOptStatus==True):
SVM_kernels = ['linear','poly','rbf','sigmoid']
for KernelType in SVM_kernels:
print('\n\nstage: Optimizing SVC:',KernelType)
SVCParams_opt,SVCAccuracy_opt=CLFOptimizer.SVCOPT(KernelType,x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
print('\nClassifier: SVC-',KernelType,', Gamma=',SVCParams_opt[0],', PenaltyPrameter=',SVCParams_opt[1],', Test Acuuracy=',SVCAccuracy_opt,file=file1)
#优化 KNN 参数
if (KNNOptStatus==True):
print('\n\nstage: Optimizing KNN')
KNNParams_opt,KNNAccuracy_opt=CLFOptimizer.KNNOPT(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
print('\nClassifier: KNN, n_neighbors=',KNNParams_opt,', Test Acuuracy=',KNNAccuracy_opt,file=file1)
#优化 MLP 分类器
if (MLPOptStatus==True):
print('\n\nstage: Optimizing MLP')
MLPParams_opt,MLPAccuracy_opt=CLFOptimizer.MLPOPT(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
print('\nClassifier: MLP, hidden_layer_sizes=(',MLPParams_opt[0],',',MLPParams_opt[1],',',MLPParams_opt[2],'), Test Acuuracy=',MLPAccuracy_opt,file=file1)
#优化决策树分类器
if (DTOptStatus==True):
print('\n\nstage: Optimizing Decision Tree')
DTParams_opt,DTAccuracy_opt=CLFOptimizer.DTOPT(x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
print('\nClassifier: Decision Tree, max_depth=',DTParams_opt[0],', min_samples_split=',DTParams_opt[1],', min_samples_leaf=',DTParams_opt[2],', Test Acuuracy=',DTAccuracy_opt,file=file1)
file1.close()
#生成分类器名称及其配置
classifiers=[]
CLFnames=[]
CLFnames= CLFnames + ["SVC-linear","K-Nearest Neighbors","Multi-Layer Perceptron",
"Decision Tree", "Random Forest", "Gaussian Process", "AdaBoost",
"Naive Bayes", "QDA"]
#classifiers=classifiers+ [
# SVC(kernel='linear',gamma=1.785,C=3.463),
# KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3),
# MLPClassifier(hidden_layer_sizes=(28,34,80,),alpha=1),
# DecisionTreeClassifier(),
# RandomForestClassifier(),
# GaussianProcessClassifier(1.0 * RBF(1.0)),
# AdaBoostClassifier(),
# GaussianNB(),
# QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis()]
classifiers=classifiers+ [
SVC(),
KNeighborsClassifier(),
MLPClassifier(),
DecisionTreeClassifier(),
RandomForestClassifier(),
GaussianProcessClassifier(),
AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(),n_estimators=1000,learning_rate=1),
GaussianNB(),
QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis()]
#将分类结果写入文件
f = open('ClassificationResults.txt','w')
print('\nThis file contains an overall comparison of different classifiers performance\n\n\n',file=f)
import ClassificationModule
ClassificationModule.Classifiers(CLFnames,classifiers,x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test)
分类器优化参数结果
This file contains the output optimized parameters for different classifiers
Classifier: SVC- linear , Gamma= 1.61614372336136 , PenaltyPrameter= 6.455613795161285 , Test Acuuracy= 1.0
Classifier: SVC- poly , Gamma= 0.02472261261696812 , PenaltyPrameter= 8.084311259878596 , Test Acuuracy= 0.875
Classifier: SVC- rbf , Gamma= 0.003211151769260453 , PenaltyPrameter= 3.2794598503610994 , Test Acuuracy= 0.9583333333333334
Classifier: SVC- sigmoid , Gamma= 0.001 , PenaltyPrameter= 9.44412249946835 , Test Acuuracy= 1.0
Classifier: KNN, n_neighbors= 3 , Test Acuuracy= 0.875
Classifier: MLP, hidden_layer_sizes=( 19.0 , 97.0 , 14.0 ), Test Acuuracy= 1.0
Classifier: Decision Tree, max_depth= 2121.0 , min_samples_split= 6.0 , min_samples_leaf= 4.0 , Test Acuuracy= 1.0
Training accuracy for SVC-linear is: 0.9642857142857143 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.875
Training accuracy for K-Nearest Neighbors is: 0.8928571428571429 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.7916666666666666
分类结果
Training accuracy for Multi-Layer Perceptron is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.9583333333333334
Training accuracy for Decision Tree is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.7916666666666666
Training accuracy for Random Forest is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.9583333333333334
Training accuracy for Gaussian Process is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.8333333333333334
Training accuracy for AdaBoost is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.9583333333333334
Training accuracy for Naive Bayes is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.9166666666666666
Training accuracy for QDA is: 1.0 and Prediction accuracy is: 0.3333333333333333
完整代码可通过知乎学术咨询获得：
工学博士，担任《Mechanical System and Signal Processing》审稿专家，担任《中国电机工程学报》优秀审稿专家，《控制与决策》，《系统工程与电子技术》，《电力系统保护与控制》，《宇航学报》等EI期刊审稿专家。
擅长领域：现代信号处理，机器学习，深度学习，数字孪生，时间序列分析，设备缺陷检测、设备异常检测、设备智能故障诊断与健康管理PHM等。
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39402231/article/details/137150448
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