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Go-一文打尽基础语法实例

1-hello

package main

import (
"fmt"
)

func main() {
fmt.Println("hello world")
}

2-var

package main

import (
"fmt"
"math"
)

func main() {

var a = "initial"
var b, c int = 1, 2
var d = true
var e float64
f := float32(e)
g := a + "foo"
fmt.Println(a, b, c, d, e, f) // initial 1 2 true 0 0
fmt.Println(g)                // initialapple

const s string = "constant"
const h = 500000000
const i = 3e20 / h
fmt.Println(s, h, i, math.Sin(h), math.Sin(i))
}

3-for

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

i := 1
for {
fmt.Println("loop")
break
}
for j := 7; j < 9; j++ {
fmt.Println(j)
}

for n := 0; n < 5; n++ {
if n%2 == 0 {
continue
}
fmt.Println(n)
}
for i <= 3 {
fmt.Println(i)
i = i + 1
}
}

4-if

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

if 7%2 == 0 {
fmt.Println("7 is even")
} else {
fmt.Println("7 is odd")
}

if 8%4 == 0 {
fmt.Println("8 is divisible by 4")
}

if num := 9; num < 0 {
fmt.Println(num, "is negative")
} else if num < 10 {
fmt.Println(num, "has 1 digit")
} else {
fmt.Println(num, "has multiple digits")
}
}

5-switch

package main

import (
"fmt"
"time"
)

func main() {

a := 2
switch a {
case 1:
fmt.Println("one")
case 2:
fmt.Println("two")
case 3:
fmt.Println("three")
case 4, 5:
fmt.Println("four or five")
default:
fmt.Println("other")
}

t := time.Now()
switch {
case t.Hour() < 12:
fmt.Println("It's before noon")
default:
fmt.Println("It's after noon")
}
}

06-array

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

var a [5]int
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("get:", a[2])
fmt.Println("len:", len(a))

b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println(b)

var twoD [2][3]int
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
twoD[i][j] = i + j
}
}
fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
}

07-slice

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

s := make([]string, 3)
s[0] = "a"
s[1] = "b"
s[2] = "c"
fmt.Println("get:", s[2])   // c
fmt.Println("len:", len(s)) // 3

s = append(s, "d")
s = append(s, "e", "f")
fmt.Println(s) // [a b c d e f]

c := make([]string, len(s))
copy(c, s)
fmt.Println(c) // [a b c d e f]

fmt.Println(s[2:5]) // [c d e]
fmt.Println(s[:5])  // [a b c d e]
fmt.Println(s[2:])  // [c d e f]

good := []string{"g", "o", "o", "d"}
fmt.Println(good) // [g o o d]
}

7-slice

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

s := make([]string, 3)
s[0] = "a"
s[1] = "b"
s[2] = "c"
fmt.Println("get:", s[2])   // c
fmt.Println("len:", len(s)) // 3

s = append(s, "d")
s = append(s, "e", "f")
fmt.Println(s) // [a b c d e f]

c := make([]string, len(s))
copy(c, s)
fmt.Println(c) // [a b c d e f]

fmt.Println(s[2:5]) // [c d e]
fmt.Println(s[:5])  // [a b c d e]
fmt.Println(s[2:])  // [c d e f]

good := []string{"g", "o", "o", "d"}
fmt.Println(good) // [g o o d]
}

切片这里:做个小解:
切片类似于array,也可以用下标访问。但是可以自动扩容。
常用创建:slice := make([]int, 5, 10)当然,容量可以不传,默认和长度相等。

8-map

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
m := make(map[string]int)
m["one"] = 1
m["two"] = 2
fmt.Println(m)           // map[one:1 two:2]
fmt.Println(len(m))      // 2
fmt.Println(m["one"])    // 1
fmt.Println(m["unknow"]) // 0

r, ok := m["unknow"]
fmt.Println(r, ok) // 0 false

delete(m, "one")

m2 := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2}
var m3 = map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2}
fmt.Println(m2, m3)
}

9-range

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
nums := []int{2, 3, 4}
sum := 0
for i, num := range nums {
sum += num
if num == 2 {
fmt.Println("index:", i, "num:", num) // index: 0 num: 2
}
}
fmt.Println(sum) // 9

m := map[string]string{"a": "A", "b": "B"}
for k, v := range m {
fmt.Println(k, v) // b 8; a A
}
for k := range m {
fmt.Println("key", k) // key a; key b
}
}

解释range:for循环中迭代array slice channel map的用的东西
for key, value := range oldMap {}

10-func

package main

import "fmt"

func add(a int, b int) int {
return a + b
}

func add2(a, b int) int {
return a + b
}

func exists(m map[string]string, k string) (v string, ok bool) {
v, ok = m[k]
return v, ok
}

func main() {
res := add(1, 2)
fmt.Println(res) // 3

v, ok := exists(map[string]string{"a": "A"}, "a")
fmt.Println(v, ok) // A True
}

11-point

package main

import "fmt"

func add2(n int) {
n += 2//起不了作用 因为是个拷贝 所以n+2 只是n的一个副本 所以n本身没有变化
}

func add2ptr(n *int) {
*n += 2
}

func main() {
n := 5
add2(n)
fmt.Println(n) // 5
add2ptr(&n)
fmt.Println(n) // 7
}

12-struct

package main

import "fmt"

type user struct {
name     string
password string
}

func main() {
a := user{name: "wang", password: "1024"}
b := user{"wang", "1024"}
c := user{name: "wang"}
c.password = "1024"

var d user //好用
d.name = "wang"
d.password = "1024"

fmt.Println(a, b, c, d)                // {wang 1024} {wang 1024} {wang 1024} {wang 1024}
fmt.Println(checkPassword(a, "1024"))  // false
fmt.Println(checkPassword2(&a, "102")) // false
}

func checkPassword(u user, password string) bool {
return u.password == password
}

func checkPassword2(u *user, password string) bool {
return u.password == password
}

13-struct-method

package main

import "fmt"

type user struct {
name     string
password string
}

func (u user) checkPassword(password string) bool {
return u.password == password
}

func (u *user) resetPassword(password string) {
u.password = password
}

func main() {
a := user{name: "wang", password: "1024"}
a.resetPassword("2048")
fmt.Println(a.checkPassword("2048")) // true
}

14-error

package main

import (
"errors"
"fmt"
)

type user struct {
name     string
password string
}

func findUser(users []user, name string) (v *user, err error) {
for _, u := range users {
if u.name == name {
return &u, nil
}
}
return nil, errors.New("not found")
}

func main() {
u, err := findUser([]user{{"wang", "1024"}}, "wang")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println(u.name) // wang

if u, err := findUser([]user{{"wang", "1024"}}, "li"); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err) // not found
return
} else {
fmt.Println(u.name)
}
}

15-string

package main

import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)

func main() {
a := "hello"
fmt.Println(strings.Contains(a, "ll"))                // true
fmt.Println(strings.Count(a, "l"))                    // 2
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix(a, "he"))               // true
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix(a, "llo"))              // true
fmt.Println(strings.Index(a, "ll"))                   // 2
fmt.Println(strings.Join([]string{"he", "llo"}, "-")) // he-llo
fmt.Println(strings.Repeat(a, 2))                     // hellohello
fmt.Println(strings.Replace(a, "e", "E", -1))         // hEllo
fmt.Println(strings.Split("a-b-c", "-"))              // [a b c]
fmt.Println(strings.ToLower(a))                       // hello
fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper(a))                       // HELLO
fmt.Println(len(a))                                   // 5
b := "你好"
fmt.Println(len(b)) // 6
}

16-fmt

package main

import "fmt"

type point struct {
x, y int
}

func main() {
s := "hello"
n := 123
p := point{1, 2}
fmt.Println(s, n) // hello 123
fmt.Println(p)    // {1 2}

fmt.Printf("s=%v\n", s)  // s=hello    全都用v就行了 就能解决所有的
fmt.Printf("n=%v\n", n)  // n=123
fmt.Printf("p=%v\n", p)  // p={1 2}
fmt.Printf("p=%+v\n", p) // p={x:1 y:2}
fmt.Printf("p=%#v\n", p) // p=main.point{x:1, y:2}

f := 3.141592653
fmt.Println(f)          // 3.141592653
fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", f) // 3.14
}

17-JSON 有序列化与反序列化

package main

import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)

type userInfo struct {
Name  string
Age   int `json:"age"`
Hobby []string
}

func main() {
a := userInfo{Name: "JYH", Age: 18, Hobby: []string{"Golang", "C++"}}
buf, err := json.Marshal(a)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(buf)         // [123 34 78 97...]
fmt.Println(string(buf)) // {"Name":"wang","age":18,"Hobby":["Golang","TypeScript"]}

buf, err = json.MarshalIndent(a, "", "\t")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(buf))

var b userInfo
err = json.Unmarshal(buf, &b)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", b) // main.userInfo{Name:"wang", Age:18, Hobby:[]string{"Golang", "TypeScript"}}
}

18-time

package main

import (
"fmt"
"time"
)

func main() {
now := time.Now()
fmt.Println(now) // 2022-03-27 18:04:59.433297 +0800 CST m=+0.000087933
t := time.Date(2022, 3, 27, 1, 25, 36, 0, time.UTC)
t2 := time.Date(2022, 3, 27, 2, 30, 36, 0, time.UTC)
fmt.Println(t)                                                  // 2022-03-27 01:25:36 +0000 UTC
fmt.Println(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), t.Hour(), t.Minute()) // 2022 March 27 1 25
fmt.Println(t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))                    // 2022-03-27 01:25:36
diff := t2.Sub(t)
fmt.Println(diff)                           // 1h5m0s
fmt.Println(diff.Minutes(), diff.Seconds()) // 65 3900
t3, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", "2022-03-27 01:25:36")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(t3 == t)    // true
fmt.Println(now.Unix()) // 1648738080
}

19-strconv

package main

import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
)

func main() {
f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat("1.234", 64)
fmt.Println(f) // 1.234

n, _ := strconv.ParseInt("11", 0, 64) // 11 表示11进制 64 表示64位
fmt.Println(n)                        // 111

n, _ = strconv.ParseInt("0x1000", 0, 64) // 0x1000 表示16进制 0 表示自动判断进制 64 表示64位
fmt.Println(n)                           // 4096

n2, _ := strconv.Atoi("123")
fmt.Println(n2) // 123

n2, err := strconv.Atoi("AAA")
fmt.Println(n2, err) // 0 strconv.Atoi: parsing "AAA": invalid syntax

//n3, _ := strconv.Itoa("AAA")//
//fmt.Println(n3)

}

20-env

package main

import (
"fmt"
"os"
"os/exec"
)

func main() {
// go run example/20-env/main.go a b c d
fmt.Println(os.Args)           // [/var/folders/8p/n34xxfnx38dg8bv_x8l62t_m0000gn/T/go-build3406981276/b001/exe/main a b c d]
fmt.Println(os.Getenv("PATH")) // /usr/local/go/bin...
fmt.Println(os.Setenv("AA", "BB"))

buf, err := exec.Command("grep", "127.0.0.1", "/etc/hosts").CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(string(buf)) // 127.0.0.1       localhost
}


原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_51234298/article/details/143688766

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