YOLO11改进 | 注意力机制 | 添加多种注意力机制，开箱即用
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本文介绍了YOLO11添加ResBlock_CBAM, CBAM, GAM, ECAAttention, GCnet_GlobalContext, GEnet等多种注意力机制。文章在介绍主要的原理后，将手把手教学如何进行模块的代码添加和修改，并将修改后的完整代码放在文章的最后，方便大家一键运行，小白也可轻松上手实践。以帮助您更好地学习深度学习目标检测YOLO系列的挑战。
目录
1. 论文
论文链接：CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module——点击即可跳转
官方代码：官方代码仓库——点击即可跳转
以CBAM为例子，其他的只换代码，步骤不变
2. 添加注意力机制到YOLO11中
2.1 将注意力机制添加到YOLO11中
关键步骤一: 将下面代码粘贴到在/ultralytics/ultralytics/nn/modules/blcok.py中
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
"""Channel-attention module https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection/tree/v3.0.0rc1/configs/rtmdet."""
def __init__(self, channels: int) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.fc = nn.Conv2d(channels, channels, 1, 1, 0, bias=True)
self.act = nn.Sigmoid()
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return x * self.act(self.fc(self.pool(x)))
class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
"""Spatial-attention module."""
def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
"""Initialize Spatial-attention module with kernel size argument."""
super().__init__()
assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1
self.cv1 = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
self.act = nn.Sigmoid()
def forward(self, x):
"""Apply channel and spatial attention on input for feature recalibration."""
return x * self.act(self.cv1(torch.cat([torch.mean(x, 1, keepdim=True), torch.max(x, 1, keepdim=True)[0]], 1)))
class CBAM(nn.Module):
"""Convolutional Block Attention Module."""
def __init__(self, c1, kernel_size=7): # ch_in, kernels
super().__init__()
self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c1)
self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)
def forward(self, x):
"""Applies the forward pass through C1 module."""
return self.spatial_attention(self.channel_attention(x))CBAM注意力机制原理及代码实现
2.2 更改init.py文件
关键步骤二：修改modules文件夹下的__init__.py文件，先导入函数
然后在下面的__all__中声明函数
2.3 添加yaml文件
关键步骤三：在/ultralytics/ultralytics/cfg/models/11下面新建文件yolo11_CBAM.yaml文件，粘贴下面的内容
- 目标检测
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, CBAM, [1024]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
- 语义分割
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, CBAM, [1024]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, 32, 256]] # Segment(P3, P4, P5)
- 旋转目标检测
# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
# [depth, width, max_channels]
n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
# [from, repeats, module, args]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False, 0.25]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, True]]
- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]]
- [-1, 1, CBAM, [1024]]
- [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
- [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
# YOLO11n head
head:
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 13
- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
- [[-1, 11], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
- [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
- [[17, 20, 23], 1, OBB, [nc, 1]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
温馨提示：本文只是对yolo11基础上添加模块，如果要对yolo11n/l/m/x进行添加则只需要指定对应的depth_multiple 和 width_multiple
# YOLO11n
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：1024
# YOLO11s
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：1024
# YOLO11m
depth_multiple: 0.50 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：512
# YOLO11l
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.00 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：512
# YOLO11x
depth_multiple: 1.00 # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.50 # layer channel multiple
max_channel：5122.4 在task.py中进行注册
关键步骤四：在parse_model函数中进行注册，添加CBAM,
先在task.py导入函数
然后在task.py文件下找到parse_model这个函数，如下图，添加CBAM
elif m in (ShuffleAttention, ECAAttention,TripletAttention, CBAM,):
c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
if c2 != nc:
c2 = make_divisible(min(c2, max_channels) * width, 8)
args = [c1, *args[1:]]其他的六种注意力机制在这添加
2.5 执行程序
关键步骤五: 在ultralytics文件中新建train.py，将model的参数路径设置为yolo11_CBAM.yaml的路径即可
from ultralytics import YOLO
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from pathlib import Path
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 加载模型
model = YOLO("ultralytics/cfg/11/yolo11.yaml") # 你要选择的模型yaml文件地址
# Use the model
results = model.train(data=r"你的数据集的yaml文件地址",
epochs=100, batch=16, imgsz=640, workers=4, name=Path(model.cfg).stem) # 训练模型🚀运行程序，如果出现下面的内容则说明添加成功🚀
from n params module arguments
0 -1 1 464 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [3, 16, 3, 2]
1 -1 1 4672 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [16, 32, 3, 2]
2 -1 1 6640 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [32, 64, 1, False, 0.25]
3 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]
4 -1 1 26080 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [64, 128, 1, False, 0.25]
5 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]
6 -1 1 87040 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [128, 128, 1, True]
7 -1 1 295424 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 256, 3, 2]
8 -1 1 346112 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 256, 1, True]
9 -1 1 65890 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.CBAM [256]
10 -1 1 164608 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.SPPF [256, 256, 5]
11 -1 1 249728 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C2PSA [256, 256, 1]
12 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']
13 [-1, 6] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
14 -1 1 111296 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 128, 1, False]
15 -1 1 0 torch.nn.modules.upsampling.Upsample [None, 2, 'nearest']
16 [-1, 4] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
17 -1 1 32096 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [256, 64, 1, False]
18 -1 1 36992 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [64, 64, 3, 2]
19 [-1, 14] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
20 -1 1 86720 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [192, 128, 1, False]
21 -1 1 147712 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Conv [128, 128, 3, 2]
22 [-1, 11] 1 0 ultralytics.nn.modules.conv.Concat [1]
23 -1 1 378880 ultralytics.nn.modules.block.C3k2 [384, 256, 1, True]
24 [17, 20, 23] 1 464912 ultralytics.nn.modules.head.Detect [80, [64, 128, 256]]
YOLO11_CBAM summary: 327 layers, 2,689,970 parameters, 2,689,954 gradients, 6.7 GFLOPs3.修改后的网络结构图
4. 完整代码分享
这个后期补充吧~，先按照步骤来即可
5. GFLOPs
关于GFLOPs的计算方式可以查看：百面算法工程师 | 卷积基础知识——Convolution
未改进的YOLO11n GFLOPs
改进后的GFLOPs
6. 其他注意力机制
以CBAM为例子，其他的只换代码，步骤不变
1. EffectiveSE
import torch
from torch import nn as nn
from timm.models.layers.create_act import create_act_layer
class EffectiveSE(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, channels, add_maxpool=False, gate_layer='hard_sigmoid'):
super(EffectiveSE, self).__init__()
self.add_maxpool = add_maxpool
self.fc = nn.Conv2d(channels, channels, kernel_size=1, padding=0)
self.gate = create_act_layer(gate_layer)
def forward(self, x):
x_se = x.mean((2, 3), keepdim=True)
if self.add_maxpool:
# experimental codepath, may remove or change
x_se = 0.5 * x_se + 0.5 * x.amax((2, 3), keepdim=True)
x_se = self.fc(x_se)
return x * self.gate(x_se)2. TripletAttention
class BasicConv(nn.Module): # https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03045.pdf
def __init__(self, in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0, dilation=1, groups=1, relu=True,
bn=True, bias=False):
super(BasicConv, self).__init__()
self.out_channels = out_planes
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding,
dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.01, affine=True) if bn else None
self.relu = nn.ReLU() if relu else None
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv(x)
if self.bn is not None:
x = self.bn(x)
if self.relu is not None:
x = self.relu(x)
return x
class ZPool(nn.Module):
def forward(self, x):
return torch.cat((torch.max(x, 1)[0].unsqueeze(1), torch.mean(x, 1).unsqueeze(1)), dim=1)
class AttentionGate(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(AttentionGate, self).__init__()
kernel_size = 7
self.compress = ZPool()
self.conv = BasicConv(2, 1, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=(kernel_size - 1) // 2, relu=False)
def forward(self, x):
x_compress = self.compress(x)
x_out = self.conv(x_compress)
scale = torch.sigmoid_(x_out)
return x * scale
class TripletAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, no_spatial=False):
super(TripletAttention, self).__init__()
self.cw = AttentionGate()
self.hc = AttentionGate()
self.no_spatial = no_spatial
if not no_spatial:
self.hw = AttentionGate()
def forward(self, x):
x_perm1 = x.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
x_out1 = self.cw(x_perm1)
x_out11 = x_out1.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
x_perm2 = x.permute(0, 3, 2, 1).contiguous()
x_out2 = self.hc(x_perm2)
x_out21 = x_out2.permute(0, 3, 2, 1).contiguous()
if not self.no_spatial:
x_out = self.hw(x)
x_out = 1 / 3 * (x_out + x_out11 + x_out21)
else:
x_out = 1 / 2 * (x_out11 + x_out21)
return x_out3. SEAttention
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
class SEAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, channel=512, reduction=16):
super().__init__()
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction, bias=False),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel, bias=False),
nn.Sigmoid()
)
def init_weights(self):
for m in self.modules():
if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
if m.bias is not None:
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
if m.bias is not None:
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
def forward(self, x):
b, c, _, _ = x.size()
y = self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c)
y = self.fc(y).view(b, c, 1, 1)
return x * y.expand_as(x)4. ECAAttention
class ECAAttention(nn.Module):
"""Constructs a ECA module.
Args:
channel: Number of channels of the input feature map
k_size: Adaptive selection of kernel size
"""
def __init__(self, c1, k_size=3):
super(ECAAttention, self).__init__()
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.conv = nn.Conv1d(1, 1, kernel_size=k_size, padding=(k_size - 1) // 2, bias=False)
self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
def forward(self, x):
# feature descriptor on the global spatial information
y = self.avg_pool(x)
y = self.conv(y.squeeze(-1).transpose(-1, -2)).transpose(-1, -2).unsqueeze(-1)
# Multi-scale information fusion
y = self.sigmoid(y)
return x * y.expand_as(x)5.ShuffleAttention
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
from torch.nn.parameter import Parameter
class ShuffleAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, channel=512, reduction=16, G=8):
super().__init__()
self.G = G
self.channel = channel
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.gn = nn.GroupNorm(channel // (2 * G), channel // (2 * G))
self.cweight = Parameter(torch.zeros(1, channel // (2 * G), 1, 1))
self.cbias = Parameter(torch.ones(1, channel // (2 * G), 1, 1))
self.sweight = Parameter(torch.zeros(1, channel // (2 * G), 1, 1))
self.sbias = Parameter(torch.ones(1, channel // (2 * G), 1, 1))
self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()
def init_weights(self):
for m in self.modules():
if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
if m.bias is not None:
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
if m.bias is not None:
init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
@staticmethod
def channel_shuffle(x, groups):
b, c, h, w = x.shape
x = x.reshape(b, groups, -1, h, w)
x = x.permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4)
# flatten
x = x.reshape(b, -1, h, w)
return x
def forward(self, x):
b, c, h, w = x.size()
# group into subfeatures
x = x.view(b * self.G, -1, h, w) # bs*G,c//G,h,w
# channel_split
x_0, x_1 = x.chunk(2, dim=1) # bs*G,c//(2*G),h,w
# channel attention
x_channel = self.avg_pool(x_0) # bs*G,c//(2*G),1,1
x_channel = self.cweight * x_channel + self.cbias # bs*G,c//(2*G),1,1
x_channel = x_0 * self.sigmoid(x_channel)
# spatial attention
x_spatial = self.gn(x_1) # bs*G,c//(2*G),h,w
x_spatial = self.sweight * x_spatial + self.sbias # bs*G,c//(2*G),h,w
x_spatial = x_1 * self.sigmoid(x_spatial) # bs*G,c//(2*G),h,w
# concatenate along channel axis
out = torch.cat([x_channel, x_spatial], dim=1) # bs*G,c//G,h,w
out = out.contiguous().view(b, -1, h, w)
# channel shuffle
out = self.channel_shuffle(out, 2)
return out6.GatherExcite
import math, torch
from torch import nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from timm.models.layers.create_act import create_act_layer, get_act_layer
from timm.models.layers.create_conv2d import create_conv2d
from timm.models.layers.helpers import make_divisible
from timm.models.layers.mlp import ConvMlp
class GatherExcite(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self, channels, feat_size=None, extra_params=False, extent=0, use_mlp=True,
rd_ratio=1. / 16, rd_channels=None, rd_divisor=1, add_maxpool=False,
act_layer=nn.ReLU, norm_layer=nn.BatchNorm2d, gate_layer='sigmoid'):
super(GatherExcite, self).__init__()
self.add_maxpool = add_maxpool
act_layer = get_act_layer(act_layer)
self.extent = extent
if extra_params:
self.gather = nn.Sequential()
if extent == 0:
assert feat_size is not None, 'spatial feature size must be specified for global extent w/ params'
self.gather.add_module(
'conv1', create_conv2d(channels, channels, kernel_size=feat_size, stride=1, depthwise=True))
if norm_layer:
self.gather.add_module(f'norm1', nn.BatchNorm2d(channels))
else:
assert extent % 2 == 0
num_conv = int(math.log2(extent))
for i in range(num_conv):
self.gather.add_module(
f'conv{i + 1}',
create_conv2d(channels, channels, kernel_size=3, stride=2, depthwise=True))
if norm_layer:
self.gather.add_module(f'norm{i + 1}', nn.BatchNorm2d(channels))
if i != num_conv - 1:
self.gather.add_module(f'act{i + 1}', act_layer(inplace=True))
else:
self.gather = None
if self.extent == 0:
self.gk = 0
self.gs = 0
else:
assert extent % 2 == 0
self.gk = self.extent * 2 - 1
self.gs = self.extent
if not rd_channels:
rd_channels = make_divisible(channels * rd_ratio, rd_divisor, round_limit=0.)
self.mlp = ConvMlp(channels, rd_channels, act_layer=act_layer) if use_mlp else nn.Identity()
self.gate = create_act_layer(gate_layer)
def forward(self, x):
size = x.shape[-2:]
if self.gather is not None:
x_ge = self.gather(x)
else:
if self.extent == 0:
# global extent
x_ge = x.mean(dim=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
if self.add_maxpool:
# experimental codepath, may remove or change
x_ge = 0.5 * x_ge + 0.5 * x.amax((2, 3), keepdim=True)
else:
x_ge = F.avg_pool2d(
x, kernel_size=self.gk, stride=self.gs, padding=self.gk // 2, count_include_pad=False)
if self.add_maxpool:
# experimental codepath, may remove or change
x_ge = 0.5 * x_ge + 0.5 * F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=self.gk, stride=self.gs, padding=self.gk // 2)
x_ge = self.mlp(x_ge)
if x_ge.shape[-1] != 1 or x_ge.shape[-2] != 1:
x_ge = F.interpolate(x_ge, size=size)
return x * self.gate(x_ge)7.GlobalContext
import torch
from torch import nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from timm.models.layers.create_act import create_act_layer, get_act_layer
from timm.models.layers.helpers import make_divisible
from timm.models.layers.mlp import ConvMlp
from timm.models.layers.norm import LayerNorm2d
class GlobalContext(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, channels, use_attn=True, fuse_add=False, fuse_scale=True, init_last_zero=False,
rd_ratio=1. / 8, rd_channels=None, rd_divisor=1, act_layer=nn.ReLU, gate_layer='sigmoid'):
super(GlobalContext, self).__init__()
act_layer = get_act_layer(act_layer)
self.conv_attn = nn.Conv2d(channels, 1, kernel_size=1, bias=True) if use_attn else None
if rd_channels is None:
rd_channels = make_divisible(channels * rd_ratio, rd_divisor, round_limit=0.)
if fuse_add:
self.mlp_add = ConvMlp(channels, rd_channels, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=LayerNorm2d)
else:
self.mlp_add = None
if fuse_scale:
self.mlp_scale = ConvMlp(channels, rd_channels, act_layer=act_layer, norm_layer=LayerNorm2d)
else:
self.mlp_scale = None
self.gate = create_act_layer(gate_layer)
self.init_last_zero = init_last_zero
self.reset_parameters()
def reset_parameters(self):
if self.conv_attn is not None:
nn.init.kaiming_normal_(self.conv_attn.weight, mode='fan_in', nonlinearity='relu')
if self.mlp_add is not None:
nn.init.zeros_(self.mlp_add.fc2.weight)
def forward(self, x):
B, C, H, W = x.shape
if self.conv_attn is not None:
attn = self.conv_attn(x).reshape(B, 1, H * W) # (B, 1, H * W)
attn = F.softmax(attn, dim=-1).unsqueeze(3) # (B, 1, H * W, 1)
context = x.reshape(B, C, H * W).unsqueeze(1) @ attn
context = context.view(B, C, 1, 1)
else:
context = x.mean(dim=(2, 3), keepdim=True)
if self.mlp_scale is not None:
mlp_x = self.mlp_scale(context)
x = x * self.gate(mlp_x)
if self.mlp_add is not None:
mlp_x = self.mlp_add(context)
x = x + mlp_x
return x8.ResBlock_CBAM
class ResBlock_CBAM(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_places, places, stride=1, downsampling=False, expansion=1):
super(ResBlock_CBAM, self).__init__()
self.expansion = expansion
self.downsampling = downsampling
self.bottleneck = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_places, out_channels=places, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(places),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.1, inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(in_channels=places, out_channels=places, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(places),
nn.LeakyReLU(0.1, inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(in_channels=places, out_channels=places * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=1,
bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(places * self.expansion),
)
# self.cbam = CBAM(c1=places * self.expansion, c2=places * self.expansion, )
self.cbam = CBAM(c1=places * self.expansion)
if self.downsampling:
self.downsample = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_places, out_channels=places * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=stride,
bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(places * self.expansion)
)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
def forward(self, x):
residual = x
out = self.bottleneck(x)
out = self.cbam(out)
if self.downsampling:
residual = self.downsample(x)
out += residual
out = self.relu(out)
return out7. 进阶
可以与其他的注意力机制或者损失函数等结合，进一步提升检测效果
8.总结
通过以上的改进方法，我们成功提升了模型的表现。这只是一个开始，未来还有更多优化和技术深挖的空间。在这里，我想隆重向大家推荐我的专栏——<专栏地址：YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点——点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅>。这个专栏专注于前沿的深度学习技术，特别是目标检测领域的最新进展，不仅包含对YOLO11的深入解析和改进策略，还会定期更新来自各大顶会（如CVPR、NeurIPS等）的论文复现和实战分享。
为什么订阅我的专栏？ ——专栏地址：YOLO11入门 + 改进涨点——点击即可跳转 欢迎订阅
-
前沿技术解读：专栏不仅限于YOLO系列的改进，还会涵盖各类主流与新兴网络的最新研究成果，帮助你紧跟技术潮流。
-
详尽的实践分享：所有内容实践性也极强。每次更新都会附带代码和具体的改进步骤，保证每位读者都能迅速上手。
-
问题互动与答疑：订阅我的专栏后，你将可以随时向我提问，获取及时的答疑。
-
实时更新，紧跟行业动态：不定期发布来自全球顶会的最新研究方向和复现实验报告，让你时刻走在技术前沿。
专栏适合人群：
-
对目标检测、YOLO系列网络有深厚兴趣的同学
-
希望在用YOLO算法写论文的同学
-
对YOLO算法感兴趣的同学等
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_67647321/article/details/142964068
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