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JAVA:Filer过滤器+案例:请求IP访问限制和请求返回值修改

JAVA:Filer过滤器

介绍

Java中的Filter也被称为过滤器,它是Servlet技术的一部分,用于在web服务器上拦截请求和响应,以检查或转换其内容。
Filter的urlPatterns可以过滤特定地址http的请求,也可以利用Filter对访问请求的数据IP做限制。
文档为本人学习java过滤器过程中做的学习记录。

主要用途:

  • 认证过滤:检查用户请求并确定是否合法。
  • 登记日志:记录请求和响应的日志。
  • 改变请求和响应:可以修改请求头和响应头。
  • 数据压缩:在发送大数据前,可以压缩数据。
  • 加密:对请求和响应进行加密和解密。

使用说明

Spring项目中,创建类继承Filter,实现init、doFilter、destroy方法;

  • init:只在项目启动的时候运行,用来做数据的初始化
  • doFilter:数据过滤,每次http请求都会过滤;filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse)前面的程序程序是在执行目标程序前执行,后面的程序是在目标程序后执行,若doFilter程序没有执行filterChain.doFilter,请求将会被拦截。
  • destroy:项目结束时运行

多个过滤器执行顺序

注意:SpringBoot项目中,多个过滤器时,@Order + @WebFilter + @ServletComponentScan 是无法实现按顺序执行过滤器的,推荐使用FilterRegistrationBean实现过滤。

  • 原因详细分析见:https://blog.csdn.net/Zong_0915/article/details/126747302

案例(使用FilterRegistrationBean限制过滤器执行循序+限制IP+修改请求返回值)

案例:有两个过滤器:MyFilter01和MyFilter02,要求按先执行过滤器MyFilter01,再执行过滤器MyFilter02顺序。
MyFilter01实现对IP的白名单限制(限制127.0.0.1仅可以访问一次),以及请求返回值的更写。
MyFilter02仅用于体现执行顺序。

  • 案例参考地址:
    https://blog.csdn.net/zhanwuguo8346/article/details/120498756

创建过滤器:MyFilter01用于限制访问IP,修改请求返回值;


@Slf4j
public class MyFilter01 implements Filter {

    private Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap;

    private List<String> alwaysIPList;

    public MyFilter01(Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap, List<String> alwaysIPList) {
        this.alwaysIPList = alwaysIPList;
        this.whiteIPMap = whiteIPMap;
    }

    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    private static final Set<String> ALLOWED_PATHS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("/swagger-resources", "/v3/swagger-login", "/v2/api-docs")));

    private static Map<String, Integer> whiteIpMapDay = new HashMap<>();


    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目开始时候执行:------->>>init");
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)whiteIPMap:" + whiteIPMap);
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)alwaysIPList:" + alwaysIPList);
        whiteIpMapDay.putAll(whiteIPMap);

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.start");
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String ipAddr = getIpAddr(request);
        log.info("PermissionFilter 过滤器,请求ip为:{}", ipAddr);

        String path = request.getRequestURI().substring(request.getContextPath().length()).replaceAll("[/]+$", "");
        boolean contains = ALLOWED_PATHS.contains(path);
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        if (alwaysIPList.contains(ipAddr) && contains) {
            filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
        } else {
            if (whiteIpMapDay.containsKey(ipAddr)) {
                Integer integer = whiteIpMapDay.get(ipAddr);
                if (integer > 0) {
                    if (contains) {
                        filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
                    } else {
                        whiteIpMapDay.put(ipAddr, (whiteIpMapDay.get(ipAddr) - 1));
                        filterChain.doFilter(request, servletResponse);
                    }
                } else {
                    BaseResponse<Void> baseResponse = new BaseResponse<>();
                    baseResponse.setCode(-1);
                    baseResponse.setMessage("请求被拒绝,本IP:" + ipAddr + "每天只允许调用:" + whiteIPMap.get(ipAddr) + "次!");
                    String response = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(baseResponse);
                    setServletResponseMessage(servletResponse, response);
                }
            } else {
                BaseResponse<Void> baseResponse = new BaseResponse<>();
                baseResponse.setMessage("不支持本IP请求:" + ipAddr);
                baseResponse.setCode(-1);
                String response = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(baseResponse);
                setServletResponseMessage(servletResponse, response);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.end");
    }


    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter01)项目结束时候执行:------->>>destroy");
    }

    /**
     * 处理返回是getWriter()还是getOutputStream();
     * getWriter():out对象用于处理字符流数据。
     * getOutputStream():os用于输出字符流数据或者二进制的字节流数据都可以。
     */
    private void setServletResponseMessage(ServletResponse servletResponse, String response) {
        try {
            servletResponse.getWriter().write(response);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            servletResponse.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); // 设置内容类型和编码
            try {
                ServletOutputStream outputStream = servletResponse.getOutputStream();
                outputStream.write(response.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); // 写入字节数组
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
    }

    public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
        if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
            ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
            ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
        if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
            ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
            if (ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")) {
                //根据网卡取本机配置的IP
                InetAddress inet = null;
                try {
                    inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
//                ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
                ipAddress = "127.0.0.1";
            }
        }
        //对于通过多个代理的情况,第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
        if (ipAddress.length() > 15) { //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
            if (ipAddress.indexOf(",") > 0) {
                ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0, ipAddress.indexOf(","));
            }
        }
        return ipAddress;
    }

}

过滤器:MyFilter02仅作日志记录。体现执行顺序

public class MyFilter02 implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目开始时候执行:------->>>init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.start");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
        System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目每次http请求时候执行:------->>>doFilter.end");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("(MyFilter02)项目结束时候执行:------->>>destroy");
    }

}

application.yml中设置白名单访问次数,一直有权限访问的白名单。
127.0.0.1限制仅可以访问一次。

permission:
  white-ip: '{"127.0.0.1": 1, "192.168.16.30": 2}'
  always-ip: 127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1 

创建配置类:FilterConfig使用@Value读取配置文件值,注册FilterRegistrationBean到Spring容器中,并设置两个过滤器的执行顺序和过滤路径

@Configuration
public class FilterConfig { 

    @Value("#{${permission.white-ip}}")
    private Map<String, Integer> whiteIPMap;

    @Value("#{'${permission.always-ip}'.split(',')}")
    private List<String> alwaysIPList;

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter01> myFilterRegistrationBean01() {
        FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter01> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        bean.setFilter(new MyFilter01(whiteIPMap, alwaysIPList));
        bean.addUrlPatterns("/api/*");
        bean.setOrder(1);
        return bean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter02> myFilterRegistrationBean02() {
        FilterRegistrationBean<MyFilter02> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        bean.setFilter(new MyFilter02());
        bean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        bean.setOrder(2);
        return bean;
    }
}

程序中用到的BaseResponse类:

@Data
public class BaseResponse<T> implements Serializable {
    private int code;

    private T data;

    private String message;

    private String description;

    public BaseResponse() {
    }

    public BaseResponse(int code, T data, String message, String description) {
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
        this.message = message;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public BaseResponse(int code, T data, String message) {
        this(code, data, message, "");
    }

    public BaseResponse(int code, T data) {
        this(code, data, "", "");
    }

    public BaseResponse(ErrorCodeEnum errorCode) {
        this(errorCode.getCode(), null, errorCode.getMessage(), errorCode.getDescription());
    }
}

测试结果:

第一次执行接口ApiPost(127.0.0.1)接口返回:数据正常创建
在这里插入图片描述

第二次执行接口ApiPost(127.0.0.1)接口返回:提示IP只能每天访问一次(这里没有提供更新:MyFilter01.whiteIpMapDay来实现每天可反问一次,可以使用@Schedule每天定时对静态变态做充值)。
在这里插入图片描述

执行日志:可以看出过滤器按照顺序执行
在这里插入图片描述

参考网址

https://blog.csdn.net/zhanwuguo8346/article/details/120498756
https://blog.csdn.net/Zong_0915/article/details/126747302


原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/longtimetoc/article/details/140530433

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