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C++ 小项目 - 通讯录管理系统

C++ 小项目系列教程:

➡️➡️➡️本教程参考自 黑马程序员 C++ 视频课程 其中的 Markdown 文档,仅用于自己学习,源码发布在 Contact-Management

1. 系统需求

通讯录是一个可以记录亲人、好友信息的工具,本教程主要利用 C++ 来实现一个通讯录管理系统,需要实现的功能如下:

(1)添加联系人:向通讯录中添加新人,信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址),最多记录100人;
(2)显示联系人:显示通讯录中所有联系人信息;
(3)删除联系人:按照姓名进行删除指定联系人;
(4)查找联系人:按照姓名查看指定联系人信息;
(5)修改联系人:按照姓名重新修改指定联系人;
(6)清空联系人:清空通讯录中所有信息;
(7)退出通讯录:退出当前使用的通讯录。

2. 创建项目

作者是基于 Ubuntu 系统,在 VS Code 中编写代码再编译运行,详情请见 Ubuntu 系统安装 VS Code 并配置 C++ 环境

项目结构如下图所示:

3. 菜单

功能描述: 用户选择功能的界面,如下图

步骤:

  • 封装显示该界面的函数,如 void showMenu()
  • main 主函数中调用该已封装好的函数。

部分代码:

void showMenu(){
    cout << "******************************************" << endl;
    cout << "***********  1. Add contact     **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  2. Show contact    **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  3. Delete contact  **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  4. Find contact    **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  5. Modify contact  **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  6. Empty contact   **********" << endl;
    cout << "***********  0. Exit            **********" << endl;
    cout << "******************************************" << endl;
}

4. 主要功能

主要包含如下功能:

  • 添加联系人
  • 显示联系人
  • 删除联系人
  • 查找联系人
  • 修改联系人
  • 清空联系人
  • 退出

设计 - 联系人结构体:

struct Person{
    string m_Name; // name
    int m_Sex; // sex: 0(male) 1(female)
    int m_Age; // age
    string m_Phone; // phone
    string m_Addr; // address
};

设计 - 通讯录结构体:

#define MAX 100
struct Addressbooks{
    struct Person personArray[MAX];
    int m_Size;
};

4.1 添加联系人

功能描述: 实现添加联系人功能(上限为100人),联系人信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话和家庭住址)

部分代码:

void addPerson(Addressbooks *abs){
    if (abs->m_Size == MAX){
        cout << "Address book is full, can't be added!" << endl;
        return;
    }
    else{
        // name
        string name;
        cout << "Please enter a name:";
        cin >> name;
        abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;

        // sex
        cout << "Please enter gender(0->male 1->female):";
        int sex = 0;
        cin >> sex;
        while(true){
            if (sex == 0 || sex == 1){
                abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
                break;
            }
            cout << "Incorrect input, please re-enter!";
        }

        // age
        cout << "Please enter age:";
        int age=0;
        cin >> age;
        abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;

        // phone
        cout << "Please enter phone(four digits):";
        string phone = "";
        cin >> phone;
        abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;

        // address
        cout << "Please enter address:";
        string address = "";
        cin >> address;
        abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr = address;

        // updated number of persons
        abs->m_Size++;

        cout << "Added Successfully!" << endl << endl;
    }

}

运行效果:

4.2 显示联系人

功能描述: 显示通讯录中已有的联系人信息

部分代码:

void showPerson(Addressbooks *abs){
    if (abs->m_Size == 0){
        cout << "current record is empty" << endl << endl;
    }
    else{
        for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++){
            cout << "Name: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
            cout << "Sex: " << (abs->personArray[i].m_Sex == 0 ? "male" : "female") << "\t";
            cout << "Age: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
            cout << "Phone: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
            cout << "Address: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr << endl;
        }
    }
    cout << endl;
}

运行效果:

4.3 删除联系人

功能描述: 按照姓名来删除指定联系人

设计思路:

  • 删除联系人前,需要先判断用户输入的联系人是否存在,存在则删除,反之,提示用户没有“这号人物”;

  • 所以,可以将判断联系人是否存在封装到一个函数中,若存在,返回其索引位置,若不存在,则返回 -1

int isExist(Addressbooks *abs, string name){
    for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++){
        if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name){
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

部分代码:

void deletePerson(Addressbooks *abs){
    cout << "Please enter the contact you want to delete:";
    string name;
    cin >> name;

    int ret = isExist(abs, name);
    if (ret != -1){
        for (int i = ret; i < abs->m_Size; i++){
            abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
        }
        abs->m_Size--;
        cout << "Deleted Successfully!" << endl;
    }
    else{
        cout << "This person does not exist!" << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

运行效果:

4.4 查找联系人

设计思路: 判断用户指定的联系人是否存在,存在即显示其相关信息,不存在则提示没有“这号人物”。

部分代码:

void findPerson(Addressbooks *abs){
    cout << "Please enter the contact you want to find:";
    string name;
    cin >> name;

    int ret = isExist(abs, name);
    if (ret != -1){
        cout << "Name: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
        cout << "Sex: " << (abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex == 0 ? "male" : "female") << "\t";
        cout << "Age: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
        cout << "Phone: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
        cout << "Address: " << abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr << endl;
    }
    else{
        cout << "This person does not exist!" << endl ;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

运行效果:

4.5 修改联系人

功能描述: 按照姓名重新修改指定联系人

设计思路: 查找用户输入的联系人,若查找成功,则进行修改操作,反之提示没有“这号人物”。

部分代码:

void modifyperson(Addressbooks *abs){
    cout << "Please enter the contact you want to modify:";
    string name;
    cin >> name;

    int ret = isExist(abs, name);
    if (ret != -1){
        // name
        cout << "Please enter a modified name:";
        cin >> name;
        abs->personArray[ret].m_Name = name;

        // sex
        cout << "Please enter a modified gender(0->male 1->female):";
        int sex = 0;
        while (true)
        {
            cin >> sex;
            if (sex == 0 || sex == 2){
                abs->personArray[ret].m_Sex = sex;
                break;
            }
            cout << "Incorrect input, please re-enter!";
        }

        // age
        cout << "Please enter a modified age:";
        int age=0;
        cin >> age;
        abs->personArray[ret].m_Age = age;

        // phone
        cout << "Please enter a modified phone(four digits):";
        string phone = "";
        cin >> phone;
        abs->personArray[ret].m_Phone = phone;

        // address
        cout << "Please enter a modified address:";
        string address = "";
        cin >> address;
        abs->personArray[ret].m_Addr = address;

        cout << "Modified successfully!" << endl;
    }
    else{
        cout << "This person does not exist!" << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

运行效果:

4.6 清空联系人

功能描述: 清空通讯录中的所有信息

实现思路: 将通讯录中的所有联系人信息清除掉,只需将其联系人数量置为 0,做逻辑清空即可。

部分代码:

void emptyPerson(Addressbooks *abs){
    abs->m_Size = 0;
    cout << "Address book cleared!" << endl;
}

4.7 退出

功能描述: 退出通讯录系统,根据用户的不同选择,进入不同的功能,可以考虑 switch 分支结构;当用户输入 0 时,执行退出操作,输入其他时,执行对应的操作。

部分代码:

switch(select){
            case 1: 
                addPerson(&abs);
                break;
            case 2: 
                showPerson(&abs);
                break;
            case 3: 
                deletePerson(&abs);
                break;
            case 4: 
                findPerson(&abs);
                break;
            case 5: 
                modifyperson(&abs);
                break;
            case 6: 
                emptyPerson(&abs);
                break;
            case 0: // exit
                cout << "Welcome to next time!" << endl;
                return 0;
                break;
            default: break;
        }

运行效果:


原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_70885101/article/details/137919839

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