C++实现计算复杂数学表达式
本文使用C++实现Shunting-yard算法,将中缀表达式转换为后缀表达式,然后使用后缀表达式计算结果,实现了目前支持以下
- 四则运算(+、-、*、/)
- 开平方(^)
- 取基数为 10 的对数(L)
- 小括号
的组合,实现代码如下
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cctype>
#include <math.h>
/**
* @brief getPrecedence 判断优先级
* @param op 操作符
* @return 0是特殊的,最高优先级,其他的数字越大,优先级越高
*/
int getPrecedence(char op) {
if (op == '+' || op == '-') {
return 1;
}
else if (op == '*' || op == '/') {
return 2;
}
else if (op == '^')
{
return 3;
}
else {
return 0;
}
}
/**
* @brief isOperator 判断字符是否是运算符
* @param c
* @return 是返回true
*/
bool isOperator(char c) {
return c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '*' || c == '/' || c == '^';
}
/**
* @brief shuntingYard Shunting-yard 算法
* 用于将中缀表达式(如 "3 + 4 * 2")转换为后缀表达式(逆波兰表示法,如 "3 4 2 * +")的算法
* @param expression 中缀表达式
* @return 后缀表达式
*/
std::vector<std::string> shuntingYard(const std::string& expression) {
std::stack<std::string> operators;
std::vector<std::string> output;
for (size_t i = 0; i < expression.length(); ++i) {
char c = expression[i];
if (std::isspace(c)) {
continue; // Skip whitespace
}
else if (isdigit(c) || (c == '.' && (i == 0 || !isdigit(expression[i - 1])))) {
std::string number;
while (i < expression.length() && (isdigit(expression[i]) || expression[i] == '.')) {
number += expression[i++];
}
output.push_back(number);
--i; // Because the for loop also increments i
}
else if (isOperator(c)) {
while (!operators.empty() && getPrecedence(c) <= getPrecedence(operators.top()[0])) {
output.push_back(operators.top());
operators.pop();
}
operators.push(std::string(1, c));
}
else if (c == '(') {
operators.push("(");
}
else if (c == ')') {
while (!operators.empty() && operators.top() != "(") {
output.push_back(operators.top());
operators.pop();
}
if (!operators.empty()) {
operators.pop(); // Remove the '(' from the stack
}
}
else if (c == 'L')
{
operators.push("L");
}
else {
std::cerr << "Error: Unexpected character '" << c << "'" << std::endl;
return {};
}
}
// Push any remaining operators to the output
while (!operators.empty()) {
output.push_back(operators.top());
operators.pop();
}
return output;
}
/**
* @brief evaluatePostfix 计算后缀表达式的结果
* @param postfix 后缀表达式
* @return 计算结果
*/
double evaluatePostfix(const std::vector<std::string>& postfix) {
std::stack<double> values;
for (const std::string& token : postfix) {
if (isOperator(token[0])) {
double val2 = values.top(); values.pop();
// 防止表达式中有负数导致程序崩溃
double val1 = 0.0;
if (values.size() > 0)
{
val1 = values.top();
values.pop();
}
double result;
switch (token[0]) {
case '+': result = val1 + val2; break;
case '-': result = val1 - val2; break;
case '*': result = val1 * val2; break;
case '/':
if (val2 == 0) throw std::invalid_argument("Division by zero");
result = val1 / val2; break;
case '^': result = pow(val1, val2); break;
default: throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid operator");
}
// 显示计算过程
std::cout << val1 << token[0] << val2 << "=" << result << std::endl;
values.push(result);
}
else if (token[0] == 'L')
{
double val = values.top(); values.pop();
double result = log10(val);
values.push(result);
std::cout << "Log10(" << val << ")=" << result << std::endl;
}
else {
values.push(std::stod(token));
}
}
return values.top();
}
int main() {
std::string infix;
std::cout << "Enter an infix expression: ";
std::getline(std::cin, infix);
while (infix.size() > 0)
{
try
{
std::vector<std::string> postfix = shuntingYard(infix);
// 打印后缀表达式用于验证
std::cout << "Postfix expression: ";
for (const auto& token : postfix) {
std::cout << token << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
double result = evaluatePostfix(postfix);
std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl;
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}
infix = "";
std::cout << "Enter an infix expression: ";
std::getline(std::cin, infix);
}
return 0;
}
原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28742901/article/details/136377444
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